Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, NC, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2013 Sep;72:259-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.045. Epub 2013 May 3.
Cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation play a key role in determining overall behavioral state by shaping the underlying cortical network dynamics. The effects of these systems on synaptic and intrinsic cellular targets are quite diverse and a comprehensive understanding of how these neuromodulators regulate (spontaneous) cortical network activity has remained elusive. Here, we used multielectrode electrophysiology in vitro to investigate the effect of these neuromodulators on spontaneous network dynamics in acute slices of mouse visual cortex. We found that application of Carbachol (CCh) and Norepinephrine (NE) both enhanced the spontaneous network dynamics by increasing (1) the activity levels, (2) the temporal complexity of the network activity, and (3) the spatial complexity by decorrelating the network activity over a wide range of neuromodulator concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM). Interestingly, we found that cholinergic neuromodulation was limited to the presence of CCh in the bath whereas the effects of NE, in particular for higher concentrations, induced plasticity that caused outlasting effects most prominently in the deep cortical layers. Together, these results provide a comprehensive network-level understanding of the similarities and differences of cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of spontaneous network dynamics.
胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能神经调制在通过塑造基础皮质网络动力学来决定整体行为状态方面起着关键作用。这些系统对突触和内在细胞靶点的影响相当多样化，而对这些神经调质如何调节（自发）皮质网络活动的全面理解仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们使用多电极电生理学在体外研究了这些神经调质对急性小鼠视觉皮层切片中自发网络动力学的影响。我们发现，应用卡巴胆碱（CCh）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）都通过增加（1）活动水平、（2）网络活动的时间复杂性，以及（3）通过在广泛的神经调质浓度范围内去相关网络活动来提高自发网络动力学的空间复杂性（1 μM、10 μM、50 μM 和 100 μM）。有趣的是，我们发现，胆碱能神经调制仅限于浴液中 CCh 的存在，而 NE 的作用，特别是对于较高的浓度，诱导了可塑性，这种可塑性在深层皮质层中引起了最持久的影响。总之，这些结果提供了对胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能调节自发网络动力学的相似性和差异性的全面网络水平理解。
