Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2013 Jun;15(6):1228-34. doi: 10.1039/c3em30928b.
There has been concern about the cabin environment in commercial aircraft. We measured cat, dog and horse allergens and fungal DNA in cabin dust and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) in cabin air. Samples were collected from two European airline companies, one with cabins having textile seats (TSC) and the other with cabins having leather seats (LSC), 9 airplanes from each company. Dust was vacuumed from seats and floors in the flight deck and different parts of the cabin. Cat (Fel d1), dog (Can f1) and horse allergens (Equ cx) were analyzed by ELISA. Five sequences of fungal DNA were analyzed by quantitative PCR. MVOCs were sampled on charcoal tubes in 42 TSC flights, and 17 compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selective ion monitoring (SIM). MVOC levels were compared with levels in homes from Nordic countries. The weight of dust was 1.8 times larger in TSC cabins as compared to LSC cabins (p < 0.001). In cabins with textile seats, the geometric mean (GM) concentrations of Fel d1, Can f1 and Equ cx were 5359 ng g(-1), 6067 ng g(-1), and 13 703 ng g(-1) (GM) respectively. Levels of Fel d1, Can f1 and Equ cx were 50 times, 27 times and 75 times higher respectively, in TSC cabins as compared to LSC cabins (p < 0.001). GM levels of Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA, Aspergillus versicolor DNA, Stachybotrys chartarum DNA and Streptomyces DNA were all higher in TSC as compared to LSC (p < 0.05). The sum of MVOCs in cabin air (excluding butanols) was 3192 ng m(-3) (GM), 3.7 times higher than in homes (p < 0.001) and 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol concentrations were 15-17 times higher as compared to homes (p < 0.001). Concentrations of isobutanol, 1-butanol, dimethyldisulfide, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, isobutyl acetate and ethyl-2-methylbutyrate were lower in cabin air as compared to homes (p < 0.05). In conclusion, textile seats are much more contaminated by pet allergens and fungal DNA than leather seats. The use of seats with smooth surfaces should be encouraged. The MVOC levels differed between cabin air and homes.
人们一直关注商用飞机的客舱环境。我们测量了飞机客舱灰尘中的猫、狗和马过敏原以及真菌 DNA，以及客舱空气中的微生物挥发性有机化合物 (MVOCs)。样本取自两家欧洲航空公司，一家的客舱有纺织座椅 (TSC)，另一家的客舱有皮革座椅 (LSC)，每家公司 9 架飞机。从驾驶舱和客舱的不同部位抽取座位和地板上的灰尘。通过 ELISA 分析猫 (Fel d1)、狗 (Can f1) 和马过敏原 (Equ cx)。通过定量 PCR 分析了 5 个真菌 DNA 序列。在 42 次 TSC 航班中，用活性炭管采样 MVOCs，并通过气相色谱质谱联用仪 (GC-MS) 进行选择性离子监测 (SIM) 分析 17 种化合物。将 MVOC 水平与北欧国家家庭的水平进行比较。TSC 客舱的灰尘重量比 LSC 客舱重 1.8 倍（p < 0.001）。在有纺织座椅的客舱中，Fel d1、Can f1 和 Equ cx 的几何平均 (GM) 浓度分别为 5359ng g(-1)、6067ng g(-1) 和 13703ng g(-1)（GM）。与 LSC 客舱相比，TSC 客舱的 Fel d1、Can f1 和 Equ cx 浓度分别高 50 倍、27 倍和 75 倍（p < 0.001）。与 LSC 相比，TSC 中的曲霉/青霉 DNA、杂色曲霉 DNA、链格孢菌 DNA 和链霉菌 DNA 的 GM 水平均较高（p < 0.05）。舱内空气（不包括丁醇）中的 MVOC 总和为 3192ng m(-3)（GM），比家庭高 3.7 倍（p < 0.001），且 2-甲基-1-丁醇和 3-甲基-1-丁醇的浓度比家庭高 15-17 倍（p < 0.001）。与家庭相比，异丁醇、1-丁醇、二甲基二硫、2-己酮、2-庚酮、3-辛酮、异丁酸乙酯和乙基-2-甲基丁酸酯在舱内空气中的浓度较低（p < 0.05）。总之，纺织座椅比皮革座椅更容易受到宠物过敏原和真菌 DNA 的污染。应鼓励使用表面光滑的座椅。舱内空气和家庭之间的 MVOC 水平存在差异。
