Functional (non-ulcer) dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease: one not two diseases?

Functional dyspepsia is a very common, distressful, and costly condition. New data indicate that heartburn and regurgitation occur frequently in functional dyspepsia, even after objective gastroesophageal reflux disease has been exhaustively excluded by appropriate testing. Arbitrarily excluding heartburn in functional dyspepsia studies appears misguided.