University of Rochester, USA.
J Health Polit Policy Law. 2013 Aug;38(4):757-813. doi: 10.1215/03616878-2208603. Epub 2013 May 3.
Although lead paint was banned by federal law in 1978, it continues to poison children living in homes built before that time. The lifelong effects of childhood exposure to even small amounts of lead are well established by medical research. Federal and state laws have reduced rates of lead poisoning significantly in the past three decades. However, pockets of high rates of lead poisoning remain, primarily in low-income urban neighborhoods with older housing stock. Recently, several municipalities have passed local lead laws to reduce lead hazards in high-risk areas. There has been no systematic attempt to compare the design and effectiveness of these local policies. To address this gap, we conducted comparative case studies of eight innovative lead laws promulgated since 2000. The laws used a wide variety of legal structures and tools, although certain elements were common. The impact of the policies was intertwined with local housing, economic, and legal environments. While data do not yet exist to systematically evaluate the impact of these laws on lead poisoning rates, our analysis suggests that local laws hold great promise for reducing lead hazards in children's homes.
尽管联邦法律已于 1978 年禁止使用含铅涂料，但它仍在继续毒害生活在那时之前建造的房屋中的儿童。医学研究已经充分证实，儿童即使接触少量铅也会造成终生影响。在过去的三十年中，联邦和州法律已经大大降低了铅中毒的发生率。然而，高铅中毒率仍然存在，主要集中在住房较旧的低收入城市社区。最近，一些城市已经通过了地方铅法，以减少高风险地区的铅危害。但是，尚未系统地尝试比较这些地方政策的设计和效果。为了解决这一差距，我们对 2000 年以来颁布的八项创新性铅法进行了比较案例研究。这些法律使用了各种各样的法律结构和工具，尽管某些元素是共同的。政策的影响与当地的住房、经济和法律环境交织在一起。虽然目前还没有数据可以系统地评估这些法律对铅中毒率的影响，但我们的分析表明，地方法律在减少儿童家中的铅危害方面具有很大的潜力。
