Nix Emily, Ibbetson Andrew, Zhou Ke, Davies Michael, Wilkinson Paul, Ludolph Ramona, Pineo Helen
Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, London, UK.
Cities Health. 2024 Apr 4;8(3):486-503. doi: 10.1080/23748834.2024.2328951. eCollection 2024.
Impacts of housing on health are well-recognised. Despite this, housing standards have been neglected and there are gaps in healthy housing policies, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Given the recent publication of the WHO Housing and health guidelines, and the need to implement these into policy at all scales, we carried out a focused search and thematic synthesis of available literature on the barriers and enablers to recent housing and health policy. We aimed to generate lessons of what works to support healthy housing policy development and implementation elsewhere. Twenty-three studies representing four countries were eligible for inclusion and covered housing-related risks of air quality, lead, accessible design, and housing conditions. Findings demonstrated that policy development and implementation were facilitated through awareness of housing and health, evidence of existing housing conditions and health impacts, collaborations across sectors and between residents and decision-makers and effective enforcement systems that employed incentives, tools such as certificates for compliance, and housing inspections. Concerns about economic viability and tensions between housing rights and responsibilities limited healthy housing policy for the 'common good'. Despite limitations in the diversity of available evidence, this thematic synthesis provides a starting point for healthy and equitable housing for all.
住房对健康的影响已得到广泛认可。尽管如此，住房标准仍被忽视，健康住房政策存在差距，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家。鉴于世界卫生组织近期发布了《住房与健康指南》，且需要在各个层面将其转化为政策，我们对有关近期住房与健康政策的障碍和推动因素的现有文献进行了重点检索和主题综合分析。我们旨在总结经验教训，以便为其他地方制定和实施支持健康住房政策提供借鉴。来自四个国家的23项研究符合纳入标准，涵盖了与住房相关的空气质量、铅、无障碍设计和住房条件等风险。研究结果表明，通过提高对住房与健康的认识、提供现有住房条件和健康影响的证据、跨部门以及居民与决策者之间的合作，以及采用激励措施、合规证书等工具和住房检查的有效执行系统，政策的制定和实施得到了促进。对经济可行性的担忧以及住房权利与责任之间的矛盾限制了为“共同利益”制定的健康住房政策。尽管现有证据的多样性存在局限性，但本次主题综合分析为实现全民健康和公平住房提供了一个起点。
