Dyer A B, Gottlieb G
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro 27412-5001.
J Comp Psychol. 1990 Jun;104(2):190-4. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.104.2.190.
The presence of broodmates during the imprinting process results in peer imprinting that interrupts a visually mediated maternal attachment. We sought to determine the conditions in which group-trained mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) acquire a maternal attachment. At 48 hr of age, ducklings were allowed to follow a vocal, stuffed mallard hen individually or in groups of 4. Individual ducklings showed a preference for the silent, familiar mallard over an unfamiliar pintail. Ducklings trained in groups did not show a preference. When the mallard maternal call was present during testing, group-trained ducklings overwhelmingly responded to it regardless of whether it came from the familiar mallard or an unfamiliar pintail. Training ducklings in groups, which simulates the natural social context of imprinting, results in peer imprinting. Thus, early in development the young become visually imprinted to each other, and the maternal call mediates attachment to the mother.
在印记过程中同窝伙伴的存在会导致同伴印记，从而中断视觉介导的母性依恋。我们试图确定群体训练的绿头鸭幼雏（Anas platyrhynchos）形成母性依恋的条件。在48小时龄时，让幼雏单独或4只一组跟随一只发出叫声的填充绿头鸭母鸡。单独训练的幼雏表现出对安静、熟悉的绿头鸭的偏好，而不是不熟悉的针尾鸭。群体训练的幼雏没有表现出偏好。当在测试过程中出现绿头鸭的母性叫声时，无论叫声来自熟悉的绿头鸭还是不熟悉的针尾鸭，群体训练的幼雏都压倒性地对其做出反应。对幼雏进行群体训练，模拟了印记的自然社会环境，会导致同伴印记。因此，在发育早期，幼雏在视觉上彼此印记，而母性叫声介导对母亲的依恋。
