种族歧视对黑人和青少年及青年成年人艾滋病毒风险认知和行为的影响。
The effects of racial discrimination on the HIV-risk cognitions and behaviors of Black adolescents and young adults.
机构信息
The George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
出版信息
Health Psychol. 2013 May;32(5):543-50. doi: 10.1037/a0028815.
OBJECTIVE
Two studies examined the impact of racial discrimination on HIV-risk (substance use and risky sex) behaviors (Study 1) and cognitions (Study 2) among African Americans.
METHODS
Study 1 examined longer-term effects of cumulative discrimination on HIV-risk behaviors among 833 adolescents. In Study 2, Black young adults were excluded or included in an online game (Cyberball) by White peers.
RESULTS
Study 1 revealed that discrimination was associated with greater HIV-risk behaviors contemporaneously, and with an increase in these behaviors over a 3-year period. In Study 2, excluded participants tended to attribute their exclusion to racial discrimination and reported greater risky sex and substance use willingness. In Study 1, the relation between discrimination and risky sex was mediated by substance use behavior. In Study 2, substance use willingness mediated the relation between perceived discrimination and risky sex willingness.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight the importance of examining the effects of discrimination on HIV risk among Black youth. The studies also demonstrate the utility of assessing social-psychological processes when examining the effects of discrimination on HIV-risk cognitions and behavior.
目的
两项研究考察了种族歧视对非裔美国人的 HIV 风险行为（物质使用和高危性行为）和认知（研究 2）的影响。
方法
研究 1 考察了累计歧视对 833 名青少年 HIV 风险行为的长期影响。在研究 2 中，黑人年轻成年人被白人同龄人在网络游戏（Cyberball）中排除或接纳。
结果
研究 1 表明，歧视与 HIV 风险行为的发生有密切关系，而且在 3 年的时间里，这些行为会有所增加。在研究 2 中，被排斥的参与者倾向于将自己的被排斥归因于种族歧视，并报告说更愿意进行高危性行为和物质使用。在研究 1 中，歧视与高危性行为之间的关系是通过物质使用行为来介导的。在研究 2 中，感知到的歧视与高危性行为意愿之间的关系是由物质使用意愿来介导的。
结论
研究结果强调了在黑人青年中研究歧视对 HIV 风险的影响的重要性。这些研究还表明，在考察歧视对 HIV 风险认知和行为的影响时，评估社会心理过程的有效性。
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