Calixte-Civil Patricia F, Brandon Thomas H
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Tobacco Research & Intervention Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 4115 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021 Dec;8(6):1511-1521. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00914-4. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
In comparison to White smokers, Black smokers are likely to report both more discrimination and less success in smoking cessation. No previous study has tested the causal relationship between an experience of racial discrimination and smoking variables associated with cessation. The goal of this study was to test the causal influence of interpersonal racial discrimination on smoking motivation (i.e., the urge to smoke cigarettes, cessation self-efficacy, and smoking behavior) using a controlled experimental design. We used a virtual ball-playing game to create a laboratory model of racial discrimination. A 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design (inclusion/exclusion vs. ingroup/outgroup) was used to randomly assign participants to one of four groups: (1) included/ingroup, (2) included/outgroup, (3) excluded/ingroup (ostracism), and (4) excluded/outgroup (racial discrimination). Sixty-nine Black smokers were recruited from the community. Participants in the excluded conditions reported lower cessation self-efficacy than those in the included conditions. Participants in the outgroup conditions had reduced latency to smoke compared to those in the ingroup conditions. There were no main effects of social inclusion on cravings or latency to smoke and no statistically significant interactions for social inclusion × group membership. This laboratory simulation of racial discrimination shows a causal relationship between exclusion and low cessation self-efficacy, which contributes to a better understanding of influences upon smoking cessation attempts among Black smokers.
与白人吸烟者相比，黑人吸烟者可能报告遭受更多歧视，且戒烟成功率更低。此前没有研究检验过种族歧视经历与戒烟相关吸烟变量之间的因果关系。本研究的目的是使用对照实验设计来检验人际种族歧视对吸烟动机（即吸烟冲动、戒烟自我效能感和吸烟行为）的因果影响。我们使用了一个虚拟球类游戏来创建种族歧视的实验室模型。采用2×2组间析因设计（被接纳/被排斥与内群体/外群体）将参与者随机分配到四组之一：（1）被接纳/内群体，（2）被接纳/外群体，（3）被排斥/内群体（被孤立），以及（4）被排斥/外群体（种族歧视）。从社区招募了69名黑人吸烟者。处于被排斥条件下的参与者报告的戒烟自我效能感低于处于被接纳条件下的参与者。与处于内群体条件下的参与者相比，处于外群体条件下的参与者吸烟延迟时间缩短。社会接纳对吸烟渴望或吸烟延迟没有主效应，社会接纳×群体成员身份也没有统计学上的显著交互作用。这种种族歧视的实验室模拟显示了被排斥与低戒烟自我效能感之间的因果关系，这有助于更好地理解对黑人吸烟者戒烟尝试的影响。
