Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute , College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Sep;37(9):1476-82. doi: 10.1111/acer.12118. Epub 2013 May 3.
Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy negatively impacts the physical growth of the fetus. Although the deleterious effects of alcohol exposure during late gestation on fetal brain development are well documented, little is known about the effect on fetal bone mechanical properties or the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of late gestational chronic binge alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced acidemia, a critical regulator of bone health, on functional properties of the fetal skeletal system.
Suffolk ewes were mated and received intravenous infusions of saline or alcohol (1.75 g/kg) over 1 hour on 3 consecutive days per week followed by 4 days without treatment beginning on gestational day (GD) 109 and concluding on GD 132 (term = 147 days). The acidemia group was exposed to increased inspired fractional concentrations of CO2 to closely mimic the alcohol-induced decreases in maternal arterial pH seen in the alcohol group.
Fetal femurs and tibias from the alcohol and acidemia groups were ~3 to 7% shorter in length compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). Three-point bending procedure demonstrated that fetal femoral ultimate strength (MPa) for the alcohol group was decreased (p < 0.05) by ~24 and 29%, while the acidemia group exhibited a similar decrease (p < 0.05) of ~32 and 37% compared with the normal control and saline control groups, respectively. Bone extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical properties including maximum breaking force (N) and normalized breaking force (N/kg) of fetal bones from the alcohol and acidemia groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with both control groups.
We conclude that late gestational chronic binge alcohol exposure reduces growth and impairs functional properties of the fetal skeletal system and that the repeated episodes of alcohol-induced maternal acidemia may be at least partially responsible for these effects.
怀孕期间大量饮酒会对胎儿的身体生长产生负面影响。虽然大量饮酒对胎儿大脑发育的不利影响已有充分的文献记载，但对于其对胎儿骨骼机械性能的影响以及潜在机制却知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨晚期妊娠慢性 binge 饮酒和酒精诱导的酸中毒（骨健康的关键调节剂）对胎儿骨骼系统功能特性的影响。
萨福克母羊交配，从妊娠第 109 天开始，每周连续 3 天每天静脉输注生理盐水或酒精（1.75 g/kg）1 小时，然后连续 4 天不治疗，直至妊娠第 132 天（足月= 147 天）。酸中毒组吸入的 CO2 分数增加，以模拟酒精组中观察到的酒精引起的母体动脉 pH 值降低。
与对照组相比，酒精组和酸中毒组的胎儿股骨和胫骨长度分别缩短了约 3%至 7%（p<0.05）。三点弯曲程序表明，酒精组胎儿股骨的最终强度（MPa）降低了约 24%和 29%，而酸中毒组与正常对照组和生理盐水对照组相比，分别降低了约 32%和 37%。与对照组相比，酒精组和酸中毒组胎儿骨骼的外在和内在机械性能，包括最大断裂力（N）和归一化断裂力（N/kg）均显著降低（p<0.05）。
我们得出结论，晚期妊娠慢性 binge 饮酒会减少胎儿的生长并损害其骨骼系统的功能特性，而反复发生的酒精诱导的母体酸中毒可能至少部分导致了这些影响。
