Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Jul;113(7):907-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 May 4.
To assess whether active duty military personnel meet Healthy People 2010 objectives for physical activity and fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake; the relationship of select demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (eg, smoking), and eating patterns (eg, frequency and location of meals) on achieving diet and exercise-related Healthy People 2010 objectives; and the relationship of eating patterns to self-reported weight gain.
Secondary data from 15,747 participants in the 2005 Department of Defense Health Related Behaviors Survey was analyzed.
More than 57% of respondents met the Healthy People 2010 guidelines for moderate or vigorous leisure exercise but only 3% reported eating fruit (once), vegetables (3 times), and whole grains (3 times) daily. Individuals who reported gaining weight during the previous year were more likely to skip breakfast and eat at, or from, a restaurant ≥2 times per week compared with those who did not gain weight (P<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that women were more likely to eat fruits (odds ratio [OR] 1.25) and vegetables (OR 1.20) and less likely than men to eat whole grains (OR 0.76) or engage in moderate or vigorous exercise (OR 0.71). Military personnel who skipped breakfast ≥2 times per week (OR 0.45) or ate at a restaurant/takeout food (OR 0.54) ≥2 times per week were significantly less likely to meet Healthy People 2010 guidelines for food intake (defined as achieving a daily intake of one or more fruits, three or more vegetables, and three or more servings of whole grains) and exercise (OR 0.88 and 0.82, respectively).
Although the majority of military personnel met guidelines for physical activity, their intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains was suboptimal. Skipping breakfast and eating at, or from, restaurants were risk factors for poor nutrient intake and associated with weight gain. These data suggest that skipping breakfast and eating out deter achieving Healthy People 2010 objectives and provide targets for military programs to promote achieving these objectives.
评估现役军人是否达到《2010 年健康人》的体力活动和水果、蔬菜及全谷物摄入量目标；特定人口统计学特征、生活方式因素（如吸烟）和饮食习惯（如用餐频率和地点）与实现《2010 年健康人》饮食和运动相关目标的关系；以及饮食习惯与自我报告体重增加的关系。
对 2005 年国防部健康相关行为调查的 15747 名参与者的二次数据进行了分析。
超过 57%的受访者达到了《2010 年健康人》的中度或剧烈休闲运动指南标准，但只有 3%的人报告每天食用（一次）水果、（三次）蔬菜和（三次）全谷物。与没有体重增加的人相比，报告在过去一年体重增加的人更有可能不吃早餐，并且每周在餐馆/外卖食品用餐≥2 次（P<0.001）。回归分析表明，女性更有可能食用水果（比值比[OR]1.25）和蔬菜（OR1.20），而男性则不太可能食用全谷物（OR0.76）或进行中度或剧烈运动（OR0.71）。每周≥2 次不吃早餐（OR0.45）或每周在餐馆/外卖食品用餐≥2 次（OR0.54）的军人，明显不太可能达到《2010 年健康人》的食物摄入指南（定义为每天摄入一份或多份水果、三份或更多蔬菜和三份或更多全谷物）和运动指南（OR0.88 和 0.82）。
尽管大多数军人达到了体力活动指南标准，但他们的水果、蔬菜和全谷物摄入量并不理想。不吃早餐和在餐馆/外卖食品用餐是不良营养摄入的危险因素，并与体重增加有关。这些数据表明，不吃早餐和外出就餐会阻碍达到《2010 年健康人》的目标，并为军队计划提供了促进实现这些目标的目标。
