School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 14;12(3):769. doi: 10.3390/nu12030769.
Optimal dietary intake is important for the health and physical performance of military personnel. For military veterans, the complex nature of transition into civilian life and sub-optimal dietary intake is a leading contributor to the increased burden of disease. A scoping review was undertaken to determine what is known about the assessment and reporting of dietary intakes within both military and veteran populations. In addition, this review determines if studies reporting on the dietary intake of military personnel or veterans include comparisons with dietary guidelines. Six databases were searched to identify papers published from the database inception to April 2019. Observational and intervention studies were searched to identify if they assessed and reported whole dietary intake data, reported data exclusively for a military or veteran population, and included only healthy populations. A total of 89 studies were included. The majority of studies used one dietary assessment method ( = 76, 85%) with fewer using multiple methods ( = 13, 15%). The most frequent methodology used was food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) ( = 40, 45%) followed by 24-hour recalls ( = 8, 9%) and food records ( = 8, 9%). The main dietary outcomes reported were macronutrients: carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol ( = 66, 74%) with total energy intake reported in = 59 (66%). Fifty four (61%) studies reported a comparison with country-specific dietary guidelines and 14 (16%) reported a comparison with the country-specific military guidelines. In conclusion, dietary intake in military settings is most commonly assessed via FFQs and 24-hour recalls. Dietary intake reporting is mainly focused around intakes of energy and macronutrients. Most studies compare against dietary guidelines, however, comparison to specific military dietary guidelines is minimal.
最佳膳食摄入对于军人的健康和身体表现至关重要。对于退伍军人来说，过渡到平民生活的复杂性和膳食摄入不足是导致疾病负担增加的主要原因。进行了范围综述，以确定在军人和退伍军人群体中评估和报告膳食摄入量的情况。此外，本综述还确定了报告军人或退伍军人膳食摄入量的研究是否包括与膳食指南的比较。共搜索了六个数据库，以确定从数据库建立到 2019 年 4 月发表的论文。搜索了观察性研究和干预性研究，以确定它们是否评估和报告了全膳食摄入量数据，是否仅报告了军人或退伍军人人群的数据，以及是否仅包括健康人群。共纳入 89 项研究。大多数研究使用一种膳食评估方法（ = 76，85%），而使用多种方法的研究较少（ = 13，15%）。最常使用的方法是食物频率问卷（FFQ）（ = 40，45%），其次是 24 小时回忆法（ = 8，9%）和食物记录法（ = 8，9%）。报告的主要膳食结果是宏量营养素：碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和酒精（ = 66，74%），总能量摄入量报告率为 = 59（66%）。54 项（61%）研究报告了与特定国家膳食指南的比较，14 项（16%）报告了与特定国家军事指南的比较。总之，在军事环境中，膳食摄入最常通过 FFQ 和 24 小时回忆法进行评估。膳食摄入报告主要集中在能量和宏量营养素的摄入量上。大多数研究都与膳食指南进行了比较，但是与特定的军事膳食指南的比较很少。
