Jodkowska Maria, Oblacińska Anna, Tabak Izabela
Przegl Epidemiol. 2014;68(1):65-70, 147-51.
To estimate the prevalence of meeting health behaviour guidelines regarding eating breakfast, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity and to identify adolescents who accumulate the unhealthy behaviours.
Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008 in adolescents aged 13-year-old (N = 574). They self-reported their physical activity (MVPA--Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity), regularity of breakfast eating and fruit and vegetable consumption. The adherence to physical activity and nutritional guidelines were described. Relationships between dependant variables and sex and place of residence were examined. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of youths whose accumulate the unhealthy behaviours.
The proportion of adolescents who met each health recommendation varied: 69% ate breakfast on 5 school days, 46.9% consumed at least once a day fruit and vegetable and 27.5% performed recommended daily physical activity. Boys were significantly more active (p < 0.001) and ate breakfast more frequently than girls (p < 0.04). A gender difference in fruit and vegetable intake was not statistically significant. Only 11.5% of adolescents fulfilled all three recommendations, more often boys than girls (p = 0.020). Almost 54% of adolescents had multiple unfavorable health behaviours, and 14,1% all three of them - significantly more often girls than boys (p = 0.011). For adolescents with two risk behaviours, the most prevalent cluster was formed by not meeting the physical activity and fruit and vegetable recommendations.
The unhealthy behaviours tend to accumulate among teenagers - more often in girls than in boys, becoming the risk factors for different chronic diseases. Widespread dissemination of healthy lifestyle guidelines among adolescents, their parents and teachers, and undertake interventions aimed to reduce unhealthy behaviours could bring health benefits in the future.
评估符合早餐、水果和蔬菜摄入以及身体活动等健康行为指南的情况，并识别累积不健康行为的青少年。
2008年对13岁青少年（N = 574）进行了横断面研究。他们自行报告身体活动情况（中度至剧烈身体活动）、早餐规律以及水果和蔬菜摄入量。描述了对身体活动和营养指南的遵守情况。研究了因变量与性别及居住地点之间的关系。采用聚类分析来识别累积不健康行为的青少年亚组。
符合各项健康建议的青少年比例各不相同：69%在五个上学日吃早餐，46.9%每天至少食用一次水果和蔬菜，27.5%进行了推荐的每日身体活动。男孩比女孩明显更活跃（p < 0.001），且吃早餐更频繁（p < 0.04）。水果和蔬菜摄入量的性别差异无统计学意义。只有11.5%的青少年满足所有三项建议，男孩比女孩更常见（p = 0.020）。近54%的青少年有多种不良健康行为，14.1%的青少年三项不良行为均有——女孩比男孩明显更常见（p = 0.011）。对于有两种风险行为的青少年，最常见的聚类是未达到身体活动和水果及蔬菜摄入建议。
不健康行为往往在青少年中累积——女孩比男孩更常见，成为不同慢性病的风险因素。在青少年、他们的父母和教师中广泛传播健康生活方式指南，并采取旨在减少不健康行为的干预措施，未来可能会带来健康益处。
