Hogenkamp Pleunie S, Benedict Christian, Sjögren Per, Kilander Lena, Lind Lars, Schiöth Helgi B
Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden,
Age (Dordr). 2014 Feb;36(1):243-9. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9538-7. Epub 2013 May 7.
Moderate alcohol consumption (one to two drinks per day) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of developing dementia in the elderly. In light of alcohol's well-known neurotoxic properties, more evidence from well-controlled population-based studies is required. The objective of this study was to examine whether self-reported alcohol intake at age 70 is linked to cognitive function (assessed by trail making tests (TMTs) A and B, which are measures of attention, mental speed, and flexibility) in a population-based cohort consisting of 652 cognitively healthy elderly men. Linear regression models were used to assess both cross-sectional (i.e., age 70) and prospective (i.e., age 77) associations between alcohol intake and cognitive function. The analyses were adjusted for education, body mass index, energy intake, self-reported physical activity, smoking, a history of hypertension or diabetes, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and cholesterol levels at the age of 70. Baseline data were obtained from 1990 to 1996. Self-reported alcohol intake (mean 6.9 ± 7.1 g/day) was associated with better performance on TMT-B at ages 70 and 77 (β = -0.87, p < 0.001). In contrast, alcohol intake was not predictive of the difference in performance on these tests between ages 70 and 77. Despite cross-sectional associations with performance in a test of executive functioning, moderate intake of alcohol was not linked to differences in cognitive performance between ages 70 and 77 in the present study. Thus, our findings do not support the view that daily moderate alcohol consumption is a recommendable strategy to slow cognitive aging in elderly populations.
适度饮酒（每天一到两杯）与老年人更好的认知功能以及患痴呆症的风险降低有关。鉴于酒精具有众所周知的神经毒性特性，需要来自精心控制的基于人群的研究的更多证据。本研究的目的是在一个由652名认知健康的老年男性组成的基于人群的队列中，检验70岁时自我报告的酒精摄入量是否与认知功能（通过追踪测试（TMT）A和B评估，这是注意力、思维速度和灵活性的指标）相关。线性回归模型用于评估酒精摄入量与认知功能之间的横断面（即70岁时）和前瞻性（即77岁时）关联。分析对教育程度、体重指数、能量摄入、自我报告的身体活动、吸烟、高血压或糖尿病病史、载脂蛋白E ε4状态以及70岁时的胆固醇水平进行了调整。基线数据收集于1990年至1996年。自我报告的酒精摄入量（平均6.9±7.1克/天）与70岁和77岁时TMT - B测试中的更好表现相关（β = -0.87，p < 0.001）。相比之下，酒精摄入量并不能预测70岁至77岁之间这些测试表现的差异。尽管在执行功能测试中与表现存在横断面关联，但在本研究中，适度饮酒与70岁至77岁之间认知表现的差异无关。因此，我们的研究结果不支持每日适度饮酒是减缓老年人群认知衰老的推荐策略这一观点。
