Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013 Jul;11(7):644-51. doi: 10.1111/ddg.12042. Epub 2013 May 8.
Acquired hyperpigmentation of the skin is sometimes interpreted as an adverse effect of drugs. Systematic studies are rare in the literature; predominantly case reports have been published. The present review provides evaluates the evidence for a causal relation.
The reports on a relationship between hyperpigmentation and drugs from 1970 until June 2012 found in MEDLINE and EMBASE were rated according to the SIGN grading system for clinical studies. In this system, the grade of evidence of each report is rated. The highest grade of evidence for each drug is cited.
306 publications were included. They were predominantly case reports; only a small number of case series was available. Only very few case-control-studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found. For the majority of drugs, there was a low level of evidence for a causal relationship in drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship is likely only for prostaglandins, minocycline, phenothiazine, nicotine, and antimalarial drugs.
There is little evidence for drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship appears liklely only for a limited number of drugs.
皮肤获得性色素沉着有时被认为是药物的不良反应。系统研究在文献中很少见；主要发表的是病例报告。本综述评估了因果关系的证据。
根据 SIGN 临床研究分级系统，对 1970 年至 2012 年 6 月在 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 上发现的关于色素沉着与药物之间关系的报告进行了评估。该系统对每个报告的证据等级进行了评级。引用了每种药物的最高证据等级。
共纳入 306 篇文献。它们主要是病例报告；只有少数病例系列可用。仅发现了极少数病例对照研究和随机对照试验（RCT）。对于大多数药物，药物引起的色素沉着的因果关系的证据水平较低。只有少数几种药物，如前列腺素、米诺环素、吩噻嗪、尼古丁和抗疟药物，可能存在因果关系。
药物引起的色素沉着的证据很少。因果关系似乎只与少数几种药物有关。
