College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Jul 21;42(14):6128-85. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60029g.
Room-temperature phosphorescent materials that emit light in the visible (red, green, and blue; from 400 to 700 nm) have been a major focus of research and development during the past decades, due to their applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells, photovoltaic cells, chemical sensors, and bio-imaging. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence beyond the visible region (700-2500 nm) has emerged as a new, promising, and challenging research field with potential applications toward NIR OLEDs, telecommunications, night vision-readable displays. Moreover, NIR phosphorescence holds promise for in vivo imaging, because cells and tissues exhibit little absorption and auto-fluorescence in this spectral region. This review describes the overall progress made in the past ten years on NIR phosphorescent transition-metal complexes including Cu(I), Cu(II), Cr(III), Re(I), Re(III), Ru(II), Os(II), Ir(III), Pt(II), Pd(II), Au(I), and Au(III) complexes, with a primary focus on material design complemented with a selection of optical, electronic, sensory, and biologic applications. A critical comparison of various NIR phosphorescent materials reported in the literature and a blueprint for future development in this field are also provided.
室温磷光材料在过去几十年中一直是研究和开发的重点，因为它们在有机发光二极管（OLED）、发光电化学电池、光伏电池、化学传感器和生物成像等方面有应用。近年来，可见区（700-2500nm）以外的近红外（NIR）磷光已成为一个新的、有前途的、具有挑战性的研究领域，有望应用于近红外 OLED、电信、夜视可读显示器。此外，NIR 磷光在体内成像方面有应用前景，因为细胞和组织在这个光谱区域几乎没有吸收和自体荧光。这篇综述描述了过去十年中在 NIR 磷光过渡金属配合物方面取得的总体进展，包括 Cu(I)、Cu(II)、Cr(III)、Re(I)、Re(III)、Ru(II)、Os(II)、Ir(III)、Pt(II)、Pd(II)、Au(I)和 Au(III)配合物，主要侧重于材料设计，并辅以选择的光学、电子、传感和生物学应用。还对文献中报道的各种 NIR 磷光材料进行了批判性比较，并为该领域的未来发展提供了蓝图。
