[Hemomediastinum caused by rupture of a bronchial artery aneurysm].

Hemomediastinum caused by rupture of a bronchial artery aneurysm is a very infrequent pathology. Clinical presentation can be variable; it can resemble an aortic pathology and be diagnosed in emergency situations. Computerized tomography (CT) of the thorax is the initial test for diagnosis. We present the clinical case of a 70-year-old man with an initial clinical assessment of transfixive thoracic pain resembling an acute aortic pathology. TC was carried out with a diagnosis of suspected mediastinal neoplasia (Hounsfield Units/HU 38 - soft tissue), biopsy sampling was carried out by gastroscopy and broncoscopy with haemorrhagic pap smear, presenting light anemization on admission and remaining haemodynamically stable and asymptomatic. Facing a high clinical suspicion of arterial pathology, CT was repeated in which hemomediastinum was described in resolution, with subsequent confirmation of the existence of ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm through angiography and proceeding to therapeutic embolization.