Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 8447 State Highway 47, Medical Research & Education Building, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013 May;6(3):271-88. doi: 10.1586/ecp.13.14.
Migraine is a common neurological syndrome that affects approximately 10-20% of the population. The pathophysiology of migraine is unclear. 5-hydroxytriptamine is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of migraine and thus 5-HT1-receptor agonists are the principal drugs for acute migraine therapy. There are three classes of drugs for migraine: over-the-counter analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute mild migraine, specific prescription drugs (triptans and ergot alkaloids) for acute severe migraine and pharmacological agents for prophylaxis of migraine. Sumatriptan, naratriptan and others, referred to as 'triptans', are the mainstay for acute treatment of migraine. Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine) are used in patients with frequent, moderate migraine, but are less effective than triptans. There are several agents for prevention of migraine occurrence in patients with frequent or severe disabling migraine attacks. New drugs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects are needed for effective treatment and prevention of migraine.
偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统综合征，影响大约 10-20%的人口。偏头痛的病理生理学尚不清楚。5-羟色胺是偏头痛发病机制中的关键介质，因此 5-HT1-受体激动剂是急性偏头痛治疗的主要药物。偏头痛有三类药物：用于急性轻度偏头痛的非处方镇痛药和非甾体抗炎药、用于急性重度偏头痛的特定处方药（曲坦类和麦角生物碱）以及用于偏头痛预防的药物。舒马曲坦、那拉曲坦等被称为“曲坦类”药物，是急性偏头痛治疗的主要药物。麦角生物碱（麦角胺、二氢麦角胺）用于频繁、中度偏头痛患者，但不如曲坦类药物有效。对于频繁或严重致残性偏头痛发作的患者，有几种预防偏头痛发作的药物。需要有疗效更好、副作用更少的新药来有效治疗和预防偏头痛。
