1M2S Laboratory, UFR APS, University of Rennes 2, ENS Cachan, Bruz, FRANCE; and 2Upper Limb Orthopaedic Surgery Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, FRANCE.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Nov;45(11):2113-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318299ae3b.
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to measure the effects of temporal parameters on both ball velocity and upper limb joint kinetics to identify pathomechanical factors during the tennis serve and (b) to validate these pathomechanical factors by comparing injured and noninjured players.
The serves of expert tennis players were recorded with an optoelectronic motion capture system. These experts were then followed during two seasons to identify overuse injuries of the upper limb. Correlation coefficients assessed the relationships between temporal parameters, ball velocity, and peaks of upper limb joint kinetics to identify pathomechanical factors. Temporal parameters and ball velocity were compared between injured and noninjured groups.
Temporal pathomechanical factors were identified. The timings of peak angular velocities of pelvis longitudinal rotation, upper torso longitudinal rotation, trunk sagittal rotation, and trunk transverse rotation and the duration between instants of shoulder horizontal adduction and external rotation were significantly related to upper limb joint kinetics and ball velocity. Injured players demonstrated later timings of trunk rotations, improper differences in time between instants of shoulder horizontal adduction and external rotation, lower ball velocities, and higher joint kinetics.
The findings of this study imply that improper temporal mechanics during the tennis serve can decrease ball velocity, increase upper limb joint kinetics, and thus possibly increase overuse injuries of the upper limb.
本研究旨在：（a）测量时间参数对球速和上肢关节动力学的影响，以确定网球发球过程中的病理力学因素；（b）通过比较受伤和未受伤的运动员来验证这些病理力学因素。
使用光电运动捕捉系统记录优秀网球运动员的发球动作。然后，在两个赛季中对这些专家进行跟踪，以确定上肢的过度使用损伤。相关系数评估了时间参数、球速和上肢关节动力学峰值之间的关系，以确定病理力学因素。比较了受伤组和未受伤组的时间参数和球速。
确定了时间病理力学因素。骨盆纵向旋转、上躯干纵向旋转、躯干矢状旋转和躯干横向旋转的峰值角速度以及肩部水平内收和外旋瞬间之间的时间间隔的时间安排与上肢关节动力学和球速有显著关系。受伤运动员的躯干旋转时间较晚，肩部水平内收和外旋瞬间之间的时间间隔不当，球速较低，关节动力学较高。
本研究的结果表明，网球发球过程中不当的时间力学可能会降低球速，增加上肢关节动力学，从而可能增加上肢的过度使用损伤。
