School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2020 Nov 19;19(4):637-644. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Identifying the factors associated with table tennis performance may provide training information for competitive athletes and guide the general population for active participation. The purpose was to compare the joint, racket, and ball kinematics between the shakehand and penhold grips in table tennis forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls in advanced male players. Nine penhold-grip players and 18 matched shakehand-grip players performed forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls using their habitual grip styles, while the kinematics of the trunk, upper extremities, racket, and ball were collected. Racket angles were calculated as the relative motion of the racket to the forearm. For the forehand strokes, no significant differences were observed for ball or racket velocities between the two grips. The shakehand grip tended to demonstrate greater shoulder external rotation angles compared to the penhold grip. The shakehand grip resulted in racket angular velocity compared to racket velocity for the penhold grip. For the backhand strokes, greater ball and racket velocities were observed for the shakehand grip. The shakehand grip generally demonstrated decreased final trunk left rotation angles, increased trunk right rotation angular velocities, decreased final shoulder abduction angles, increased shoulder adduction angular velocities, and increased forearm supination angular velocities. The two grips demonstrated similar peak racket and ball velocities but different shoulder rotation range of motion and racket motion in forehand strokes. The penhold grips resulted in decreased peak racket and ball velocities in backhand strokes, likely due to its decreased shoulder, elbow, and forearm motion and less aligned longitudinal axes between the racket and forearm. These findings may help understand the dominance of the shakehand grip over the penhold grip in elite athletes and provide information for grip selection, technique improvements, and exercise training.
确定与乒乓球表现相关的因素可为竞技运动员提供训练信息，并为积极参与运动的人群提供指导。本研究目的在于比较优秀男性乒乓球运动员正反手回击上旋和下旋球时横拍和直拍在击球时的关节、球拍和球的运动学特征。9 名直拍运动员和 18 名横拍匹配运动员使用惯用握拍方式完成正手和反手回击上旋和下旋球，同时收集躯干、上肢、球拍和球的运动学数据。球拍角度定义为球拍相对于前臂的相对运动。在正手击球时，两种握拍方式的球速和球拍速度没有显著差异。与直拍相比，横拍的肩外旋角度更大。与直拍相比，横拍的球拍角速度更大。在反手击球时，横拍的球速和球拍速度更大。与直拍相比，横拍的最后躯干左旋角度减小，躯干右旋角速度增大，最后肩外展角度减小，肩内收角速度增大，前臂旋前角速度增大。两种握拍方式的峰值球拍和球速相似，但在正手击球时肩旋转范围和球拍运动不同。反手击球时，直拍的峰值球拍和球速降低，可能是因为肩、肘和前臂运动减少，球拍和前臂之间的纵轴对齐程度降低。这些发现有助于理解优秀运动员中横拍对直拍的优势，并为握拍选择、技术改进和运动训练提供信息。
