Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, 570 006 Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Inflamm Res. 2013 Jul;62(7):721-31. doi: 10.1007/s00011-013-0627-y. Epub 2013 May 9.
The snakebite mortality rate has been significantly reduced due to effective anti-venin therapy. The intravenously infused anti-venom will neutralize free and target-bound toxins but fails to neutralize venom-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, as the antigen-antibody complex itself is pro-inflammatory. Therefore, an auxiliary therapy is necessary to treat secondary/overlooked envenomation complications.
Blood samples from healthy donors were treated with viper venom (100 μg/ml) for 2 h. The venom-induced inflammation, oxidative damage and effect of crocin pre-treatment were determined by assessing the serum levels of cytoplasmic, lysosomal and oxidative stress markers along with pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2.
Significantly increased stress markers, cytoplasmic, lysosomal and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as well as the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 indicated increased cellular damage but significantly reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in crocin pre-treated groups.
The data clearly suggest that venom-induced oxidative stress and inflammation is also responsible for oxidative burst and cell death in the circulation, which may worsen even after anti-venin therapy. Hence, the current study demands a supportive therapy in addition to anti-venin therapy to neutralize the overlooked issues of snakebite.
由于有效的抗蛇毒疗法，蛇咬伤的死亡率已经显著降低。静脉输注的抗蛇毒血清会中和游离的和靶结合的毒素，但不能中和毒液引起的炎症和氧化应激，因为抗原抗体复合物本身就是炎症性的。因此，需要辅助治疗来治疗继发性/被忽视的蛇毒中毒并发症。
从健康供体的血液中提取样本，用蝰蛇毒液（100 μg/ml）处理 2 小时。通过评估细胞质、溶酶体和氧化应激标志物的血清水平，以及肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α、白细胞介素 (IL)-1β、IL-6 和环氧化酶 (COX)-2 等促炎介质，来确定毒液引起的炎症、氧化损伤以及藏红花预处理的效果。
显著增加的应激标志物、细胞质、溶酶体和细胞外基质降解酶以及促炎介质 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 和 COX-2 表明细胞损伤增加，但藏红花预处理组的氧化损伤和炎症明显减少。
数据清楚地表明，毒液引起的氧化应激和炎症也会导致循环中氧化爆发和细胞死亡，即使在抗蛇毒治疗后，这些问题也可能恶化。因此，目前的研究需要在抗蛇毒治疗之外，还需要支持性治疗来中和被忽视的蛇伤问题。
