Cremonez Caroline Marroni, Leite Flávia Pine, Bordon Karla de Castro Figueiredo, Cerni Felipe Augusto, Cardoso Iara Aimê, Gregório Zita Maria de Oliveira, de Souza Rodrigo Cançado Gonçalves, de Souza Ana Maria, Arantes Eliane Candiani
Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil.
Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2016 Mar 8;22:12. doi: 10.1186/s40409-016-0067-6. eCollection 2016.
In the Atlantic forest of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, local population often uses the fruit juice and the aqueous extract of leaves of soursop (Annona muricata L.) to treat Lachesis muta rhombeata envenomation. Envenomation is a relevant health issue in these areas, especially due to its severity and because the production and distribution of antivenom is limited in these regions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of the use of soursop leaf extract and its juice against envenomation by Lachesis muta rhombeata.
We evaluated the biochemical, hematological and hemostatic parameters, the blood pressure, the inflammation process and the lethality induced by Lachesis muta rhombeata snake venom. We also assessed the action of the aqueous extract of leaves (AmL) and juice (AmJ) from A. muricata on the animal organism injected with L. m. rhombeata venom (LmrV) in the laboratory environment.
LmrV induced a decrease of total protein, albumin and glucose; and increase of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea concentrations. It provoked hemoconcentration followed by reduction of hematocrit, an increase in prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time and a decrease of the blood pressure. LmrV induced the release of interleukin-6, an increase in neutrophils and changes in the serum protein profile, characteristic of the acute inflammatory process. LD50 values were similar for the groups injected with LmrV and treated or untreated with AmJ and AmL. Both treatments play a role on the maintenance of blood glucose, urea and coagulation parameters and exert a protective action against the myotoxicity. However, they seem to worsen the hypotension caused by LmrV.
The treatments with AmJ and AmL present some beneficial actions, but they might intensify some effects of the venom. Therefore, additional studies on A. muricata are necessary to enable its use as natural antivenom for bushmaster snakebite.
在巴西北部和东北部地区的大西洋森林，当地居民常使用刺果番荔枝（番荔枝科番荔枝属）的果汁和叶水提取物来治疗矛头蝮蛇咬伤。在这些地区，蛇咬伤是一个重要的健康问题，特别是由于其严重性以及这些地区抗蛇毒血清的生产和供应有限。本研究的目的是评估刺果番荔枝叶提取物及其果汁对矛头蝮蛇咬伤的相关性。
我们评估了矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的生化、血液学和止血参数、血压、炎症过程及致死率。我们还在实验室环境中评估了刺果番荔枝叶水提取物（AmL）和果汁（AmJ）对注射了矛头蝮蛇毒液（LmrV）的动物机体的作用。
LmrV导致总蛋白、白蛋白和葡萄糖水平降低；肌酸激酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和尿素浓度升高。它引起血液浓缩，随后血细胞比容降低，凝血酶原时间和部分凝血活酶时间延长，血压下降。LmrV诱导白细胞介素-6释放，中性粒细胞增多，血清蛋白谱改变，这是急性炎症过程的特征。注射LmrV且用AmJ和AmL处理或未处理的组的半数致死量（LD50）值相似。两种处理对维持血糖、尿素和凝血参数均有作用，并对肌毒性发挥保护作用。然而，它们似乎会加重LmrV引起的低血压。
AmJ和AmL处理有一些有益作用，但可能会增强毒液的某些作用。因此，有必要对刺果番荔枝进行更多研究，以便将其用作矛头蝮蛇咬伤的天然抗蛇毒血清。
