Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8, Hak-dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
Int Urol Nephrol. 2013 Jun;45(3):639-43. doi: 10.1007/s11255-013-0463-6. Epub 2013 May 9.
To determine landmarks for stent positioning in both ureteral orifices (UOs) and the gender differences in their location in men and women.
The location of the UO and the bladder neck (BN) was measured fluoroscopically by the intravesical distal location of an open-ended catheter marked with radiopaque materials. We compared the location in men (n = 12) and women (n = 12) with a full bladder (hydrostatic pressure of 50 cmH2O) or an empty bladder.
The mean distances from BN to UO in men and women were significantly different both in an empty bladder (2.5 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.3 cm, respectively) and in a full bladder (2.9 ± 1.0 and 2.3 ± 0.6 cm, respectively). The location of UO was changed by bladder filling in women but not in men. In women, most UOs were found superior to the symphysis pubis (SP) in empty bladder (66.6 %). Most of this location was observed at behind the upper boarder of SP in full bladder of women (75 %). The BN of women was located at the lower level in basal state compared to men. Also, the location of BN was markedly changed by bladder fulling in women (p = 0.04) but not in men.
Significant gender differences were observed in the location of UO and BN. Clinicians should keep in mind the anatomical differences between men and women during fluoroscopic-guided procedure.
确定输尿管口（UO）内支架的定位标志，并比较男女之间 UO 位置的性别差异。
通过在膀胱内插入带有不透射线材料的开放式导管，测量 UO 和膀胱颈部（BN）的位置。我们比较了充盈膀胱（水压 50cmH2O）和排空膀胱时男性（n=12）和女性（n=12）的 UO 位置。
在排空和充盈膀胱时，男性和女性的 BN 到 UO 的平均距离均有显著差异（分别为 2.5±0.4cm 和 2.1±0.3cm；2.9±1.0cm 和 2.3±0.6cm）。女性的 UO 位置会随膀胱充盈而改变，但男性不会。在排空膀胱时，大多数女性的 UO 高于耻骨联合（SP）（66.6%）。在充盈膀胱时，大多数女性的 UO 位于 SP 上缘后方（75%）。与男性相比，女性在基础状态下的 BN 位置较低。而且，女性的 BN 位置随膀胱充盈而显著改变（p=0.04），但男性不会。
男女之间 UO 和 BN 的位置存在显著的性别差异。在透视引导下进行操作时，临床医生应牢记男女之间的解剖差异。
