Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 110 E. Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2010 Apr 20;2(2):592-610. doi: 10.3390/cancers2020592.
Galectins are a group of proteins that bind β-galactosides through evolutionarily conserved sequence elements of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Proteins similar to galectins can be found in very primitive animals such as sponges. Each galectin has an individual carbohydrate binding preference and can be found in cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. They also can be secreted through non-classical pathways and function extracellularly. Experimental and clinical data demonstrate a correlation between galectin expression and tumor progression and metastasis, and therefore, galectins have the potential to serve as reliable tumor markers. In this review, we describe the expression and role of galectins in different cancers and their clinical applications for diagnostic use.
半乳糖凝集素是一组通过碳水化合物识别结构域（CRD）的进化保守序列元件结合β-半乳糖苷的蛋白质。类似于半乳糖凝集素的蛋白质可以在非常原始的动物如海绵中找到。每个半乳糖凝集素都有其独特的碳水化合物结合偏好，可以在细胞质以及细胞核中找到。它们也可以通过非经典途径分泌，并在细胞外发挥作用。实验和临床数据表明，半乳糖凝集素的表达与肿瘤的进展和转移有关，因此，半乳糖凝集素有潜力作为可靠的肿瘤标志物。在这篇综述中，我们描述了半乳糖凝集素在不同癌症中的表达和作用及其在诊断中的临床应用。
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