Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
Syst Rev. 2013 May 12;2:30. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-30.
Fear of crime is associated with negative health and wellbeing outcomes, and may mediate some impacts of the built environment on public health. A range of environmental interventions have been hypothesized to reduce the fear of crime.
This review aimed to synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of interventions in the built environment to reduce the fear of crime. Systematic review methodology, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance, was used. Studies of environmental interventions which reported a fear of crime outcome and used any prospective evaluation design (randomized controlled trial (RCT), trial or uncontrolled before-and-after study) were included. Eighteen databases were searched. The Hamilton tool was used to assess quality. A narrative synthesis of findings was undertaken.
A total of 47 studies were included, 22 controlled and 25 uncontrolled, with total sample sizes ranging from n = 52 to approximately n = 23,000. Thirty-six studies were conducted in the UK, ten studies in the USA and one study in the Netherlands. The quality of the evidence overall is low. There are some indications that home security improvements and non-crime-related environmental improvements may be effective for some fear of crime outcomes. There is little evidence that the following reduce fear of crime: street lighting improvements, closed-circuit television (CCTV), multi-component environmental crime prevention programs or regeneration programs.
There is some evidence for the effectiveness of specific environmental interventions in reducing some indicators of fear of crime, but more attention to the context and possible confounders is needed in future evaluations of complex social interventions such as these.
犯罪恐惧与负面的健康和幸福感结果相关联，并且可能会影响到建筑环境对公共健康的一些影响。已经假设了一系列环境干预措施可以减少对犯罪的恐惧。
本综述旨在综合有关建筑环境中减少犯罪恐惧的干预措施的文献。使用了系统评价方法，遵循系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南。研究了报告犯罪恐惧结果并使用任何前瞻性评估设计（随机对照试验（RCT）、试验或未对照的前后研究）的环境干预措施。共搜索了 18 个数据库。使用汉密尔顿工具评估质量。对研究结果进行了叙述性综合。
共纳入 47 项研究，其中 22 项为对照研究，25 项为非对照研究，总样本量从 n = 52 到大约 n = 23,000 不等。36 项研究在英国进行，10 项研究在美国进行，1 项研究在荷兰进行。总体证据质量较低。有一些迹象表明，家庭安全改进和与犯罪无关的环境改善可能对某些犯罪恐惧结果有效。几乎没有证据表明以下措施可以减少犯罪恐惧：改善街道照明、闭路电视（CCTV）、多组分环境犯罪预防计划或重建计划。
有一些证据表明特定环境干预措施在减少某些犯罪恐惧指标方面有效，但在未来对这些复杂的社会干预措施进行评估时，需要更加关注背景和可能的混杂因素。
