Turcu Catalina, Crane Melanie, Hutchinson Emma, Lloyd Simon, Belesova Kristine, Wilkinson Paul, Davies Mike
The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK.
The Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Build Cities. 2021 Aug 31;2(1):734-758. doi: 10.5334/bc.119.
With more than half the world's population living in cities, understanding how the built environment impacts human health at different urban scales is crucial. To be able to shape cities for health, an understanding is needed of planetary health impacts, which encompass the human health impacts of human-caused disruptions on the Earth's natural ecosystems. This umbrella review maps health evidence across the spatial scales of the built environment (building; neighbourhood; and wider system, including city, regional and planetary levels), with a specific focus on urban housing. Systematic reviews published in English between January 2011 and December 2020 were searched across 20 databases, with 1176 articles identified and 124 articles screened for inclusion. Findings suggests that most evidence reports on health determinants at the neighbourhood level, such as greenspace, physical and socio-economic conditions, transport infrastructure and access to local services. Physical health outcomes are also primarily reported, with an emerging interest in mental health outcomes. There is little evidence on planetary health outcomes and significant gaps in the research literature are identified. Based on these findings, three potential directions are identified for future research.
全球一半以上的人口居住在城市，因此了解建筑环境如何在不同城市尺度上影响人类健康至关重要。为了能够打造健康的城市，需要了解行星健康影响，其中包括人类活动对地球自然生态系统造成破坏所产生的人类健康影响。本综述梳理了建筑环境（建筑、社区以及更广泛的系统，包括城市、区域和行星层面）不同空间尺度上的健康证据，特别关注城市住房。检索了2011年1月至2020年12月期间以英文发表的系统评价，涉及20个数据库，共识别出1176篇文章，筛选出124篇纳入研究。研究结果表明，大多数证据报告的是社区层面的健康决定因素，如绿地、物理和社会经济条件、交通基础设施以及获得当地服务的机会。研究主要报告的是身体健康结果，对心理健康结果的兴趣也在不断增加。关于行星健康结果的证据很少，研究文献中存在重大空白。基于这些发现，确定了未来研究的三个潜在方向。
