School of Population Health, Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Drug Harm Reduction Branch, Health Protection Directorate, Division of the Chief Health Officer, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Addiction. 2013 Oct;108(10):1809-17. doi: 10.1111/add.12239. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
To examine prospectively the contribution of the recreational social environment to ecstasy initiation.
Population-based retrospective/prospective cohort study.
Data from screening an Australian young adult population to obtain samples of users and non-users of ecstasy.
A sample of 204 ecstasy-naive participants aged 19-23 years was obtained, and a 6-month follow-up identified those who initiated ecstasy use.
We assessed a range of predictors of ecstasy initiation, including elements of participants' social environment, such as ecstasy-using social contacts and involvement in recreational settings.
More than 40% of ecstasy-naive young adults reported ever receiving ecstasy offers. Ecstasy initiation after 6 months was predicted independently by having, at recruitment, many ecstasy-using social contacts [adjusted relative risk (ARR) 3.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57, 6.34], attending electronic/dance music events (ARR 6.97, 95% CI: 1.99, 24.37), receiving an ecstasy offer (ARR 4.02, 95% CI: 1.23, 13.10), early cannabis use (ARR 4.04, 95% CI: 1.78, 9.17) and psychological distress (ARR 5.34, 95% CI: 2.31, 12.33). Adjusted population-attributable fractions were highest for ecstasy-using social contacts (17.7%) and event attendance (15.1%).
In Australia, ecstasy initiation in early adulthood is associated predominantly with social environmental factors, including ecstasy-using social contacts and attendance at dance music events, and is associated less commonly with psychological distress and early cannabis use, respectively. A combination of universal and targeted education programmes may be appropriate for reducing rates of ecstasy initiation and associated harms.
前瞻性研究娱乐社交环境对摇头丸使用起始的影响。
基于人群的回顾性/前瞻性队列研究。
澳大利亚青年人群筛查获得摇头丸使用者和非使用者的样本。
招募了 204 名 19-23 岁的摇头丸初用者，6 个月的随访确定了开始使用摇头丸的人。
我们评估了一系列摇头丸使用起始的预测因子，包括参与者社交环境的各个方面，如摇头丸使用者的社交接触和参与娱乐场所。
超过 40%的摇头丸初用者报告曾经收到摇头丸的邀请。6 个月后，摇头丸的使用起始独立地与招募时拥有许多摇头丸使用者的社交接触（调整后的相对风险（ARR）3.15，95%置信区间（CI）：1.57，6.34）、参加电子/舞蹈音乐活动（ARR 6.97，95%CI：1.99，24.37）、收到摇头丸的邀请（ARR 4.02，95%CI：1.23，13.10）、早期大麻使用（ARR 4.04，95%CI：1.78，9.17）和心理困扰（ARR 5.34，95%CI：2.31，12.33）有关。调整后的人群归因分数最高的是摇头丸使用者的社交接触（17.7%）和参加活动（15.1%）。
在澳大利亚，成年早期的摇头丸使用起始主要与社交环境因素有关，包括摇头丸使用者的社交接触和参加舞蹈音乐活动，而与心理困扰和早期大麻使用的关系则较少。可能需要结合普遍和有针对性的教育计划来降低摇头丸使用起始率和相关危害。
