Molina Y, Ramirez-Valles J
a Public Health Sciences , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.
AIDS Care. 2013;25(12):1559-68. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.793268. Epub 2013 May 14.
Despite the increased interest in HIV/AIDS stigma and its negative effects on the health and social support of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), little attention has been given to its assessment among Latino gay/ bisexual men and transgender women (GBT) living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to develop a multidimensional assessment of HIV/AIDS stigma for Latino GBT living with HIV/AIDS, and to test whether such stigma is related to self-esteem, safe sex self-efficacy, social support, and alcohol, and drug use. The sample included 170 HIV+ Latino GBT persons. The results revealed three dimensions of stigma: internalized, perceived, and enacted HIV/AIDS stigma. Enacted HIV/AIDS stigma comprised two domains: generalized and romantic and sexual. Generalized enacted HIV/AIDS stigma was related to most outcomes. Internalized HIV/AIDS stigma mediated the associations between generalized enacted HIV/AIDS stigma and self-esteem and safe sex self-efficacy. In addition, romantic and sexual enacted HIV/AIDS stigma significantly predicted drug use. Perceived HIV/AIDS stigma was not associated with any outcome. These findings expand the understanding of the multidimensionality of stigma and the manner in which various features impact marginalized PLWHA.
尽管人们对艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化及其对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWHA）健康和社会支持的负面影响越来越关注，但对于感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的拉丁裔男同性恋者/双性恋男性和跨性别女性（GBT）中的污名化评估却很少受到关注。本文的目的有两个：为感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的拉丁裔GBT群体开发一种多维的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化评估方法，并测试这种污名化是否与自尊、安全性行为自我效能感、社会支持以及酒精和药物使用有关。样本包括170名艾滋病毒呈阳性的拉丁裔GBT人群。结果揭示了污名化的三个维度：内化的、感知到的和表现出的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化。表现出的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化包括两个领域：普遍的以及浪漫和性方面的。普遍的表现出的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化与大多数结果相关。内化的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化介导了普遍的表现出的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化与自尊和安全性行为自我效能感之间的关联。此外，浪漫和性方面的表现出的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化显著预测了药物使用。感知到的艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名化与任何结果均无关联。这些发现扩展了我们对污名化多维性以及各种特征对边缘化的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者影响方式的理解。
