Dendritic Cells and Immunointervention-Transplants (CDG), François Rabelais University of Tours, Tours, France.
Pediatr Res. 2013 Aug;74(2):238-44. doi: 10.1038/pr.2013.76. Epub 2013 May 13.
Infant formulas have been shown to influence the development of the gut microbiota. Besides the probiotic- and prebiotic-containing formulas, fermented milk-based infant formulas offer an additional means for modulation of gut immunity and/or gut microbiota. These formulas are produced by the fermentation of cow's milk with specific lactic acid bacteria strains, followed by heat treatment; they do not contain viable bacteria or added prebiotic oligosaccharides but contain specific products resulting from the fermentation process. This review is focused on the effects of fermentation products, distinguishing them from those of living bacteria and prebiotic compounds on the immune system. Besides the possible modulation of gut microbiota composition, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that specific fermentation products can actively participate in the establishment of immune balance and oral tolerance. Although further research is needed to confirm the clinical benefits observed in infants to better characterize the active fermentation compounds and to delineate the involved pathways, these fermented formulas appear to deserve interest.
婴儿配方奶粉已被证明会影响肠道微生物群的发育。除了含有益生菌和益生元的配方奶粉外，发酵乳基婴儿配方奶粉提供了另一种调节肠道免疫和/或肠道微生物群的方法。这些配方奶粉是通过用特定的乳酸菌菌株发酵牛奶，然后进行热处理制成的；它们不含活菌或添加的益生元低聚糖，但含有特定的发酵过程产物。这篇综述重点介绍了发酵产物的作用，将其与活菌和益生元化合物对免疫系统的作用区分开来。除了可能调节肠道微生物群组成外，体外和体内研究表明，特定的发酵产物可以积极参与免疫平衡和口服耐受的建立。尽管需要进一步的研究来确认在婴儿中观察到的临床益处，以更好地描述活性发酵化合物并阐明涉及的途径，但这些发酵配方似乎值得关注。
