Boury-Esnault Nicole, Lavrov Dennis V, Ruiz César A, Pérez Thierry
*IMBE-UMR7263 CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2013 Sep;53(3):416-27. doi: 10.1093/icb/ict042. Epub 2013 May 13.
The two main scientific tasks of taxonomy are species' delineation and classification. These two tasks are often treated differently, with classification accomplished by newly-developed phylogenetic methods, often based on molecular sequences, while delimitation of species is conducted by what is often considered to be an "old-fashioned" typological approach based on morphological description. A new "integrative taxonomy" has been proposed which maintains that species delimitation should be a multidisciplinary undertaking combining several independent datasets. Here we argue that the same principle is relevant to the classification of species. In the past 20 years, we assembled various datasets based on the external morphology, anatomy, cytology, spicule shapes, geography, reproduction, genetic sequences, and metabolomics of homoscleromorph sponges. We show how we used these datasets to describe new species of homoscleromorph sponges and to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and their phylogenetic position within the phylum Porifera.
分类学的两个主要科学任务是物种的界定和分类。这两项任务的处理方式通常有所不同，分类是通过新开发的系统发育方法来完成的，这些方法通常基于分子序列，而物种的界定则是通过一种通常被认为是基于形态学描述的“老式”类型学方法来进行的。一种新的“综合分类学”被提了出来，它认为物种界定应该是一项结合多个独立数据集的多学科工作。在此我们认为，同样的原则也适用于物种的分类。在过去20年里，我们基于同型硬海绵的外部形态、解剖学、细胞学、骨针形状、地理分布、繁殖、基因序列和代谢组学收集了各种数据集。我们展示了如何利用这些数据集来描述同型硬海绵的新物种，并阐明它们的系统发育关系以及它们在多孔动物门中的系统发育位置。
