Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany,
Exp Appl Acarol. 2013 Nov;61(3):259-83. doi: 10.1007/s10493-013-9700-z. Epub 2013 May 14.
The predacious mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is used as a biological control agent against various pests in greenhouses. Pollen offered as supplementary food is reported to improve their fast establishment and performance. However, the nutritional suitability of different pollens for A. swirskii is not sufficiently known yet. Pollens of 21 plant species were offered to the mites as exclusive food during preimaginal development. Preimaginal mortality and developmental time have been assessed, followed by a life-table analysis of the emerged adults and a calculation of demographic parameters. Amblyseius swirskii can feed exclusively on pollen, but the nutritional value of the pollens differed significantly. Pollens of Lilium martagon and Hippeastrum sp. were toxic, causing 100 % preimaginal mortality, probably due to secondary plant compounds. Hibiscus syriacus pollen was absolutely incompatible for the juvenile and adult mites, possibly due to their external morphology, differing from all the other pollens tested and leading to 100 % preimaginal mortality also. Considering all parameters, feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum, Crocus vernus, Echinocereus sp. and Paulownia tomentosa pollens lead to the best performance of the mites. Feeding on most pollens resulted in no or low preimaginal mortality of A. swirskii, but affected significantly developmental time, adult longevity, and reproduction parameters. Commercial bee pollen was not able to improve life-table parameters compared to pure pollen of the plant species. Pollens of Helianthus annuus, Corylus avellana and a Poaceae mix were less suitable as food source and resulted in a poor performance of all tested parameters. Compared with literature data, 18 pollens tested proved to be a similar or better food source than cattail pollen, qualifying A. swirskii as a positively omnivorous type IV species. Pollens of Ricinus communis and Zea mays can be recommended as supplementary food offered as banker plants, and A. hippocastanum and Betula pendula pollen is recommended to be used as dispersible pollen in greenhouses.
捕食性螨 Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot 被用作生物防治剂，用于防治温室中的各种害虫。据报道，花粉作为补充食物可以促进其快速建立和表现。然而，不同花粉对 A. swirskii 的营养适宜性还不够了解。在预蛹发育期间，向螨虫提供了 21 种植物花粉作为专食食物。评估了预蛹死亡率和发育时间，然后对成虫进行生命表分析，并计算人口统计参数。A. swirskii 可以完全以花粉为食，但花粉的营养价值差异很大。百合花粉和孤挺花花粉有毒，导致 100%的预蛹死亡，可能是由于次生植物化合物。芙蓉花粉对幼螨和成虫螨绝对不兼容，可能是由于它们的外部形态与所有其他测试的花粉不同，也导致 100%的预蛹死亡。考虑到所有参数，以山茱萸、番红花、仙人掌和泡桐花粉为食的螨虫表现最佳。以大多数花粉为食不会导致 A. swirskii 预蛹死亡率高，但会显著影响发育时间、成虫寿命和繁殖参数。与纯花粉相比，商业蜂花粉不能改善生命表参数。向日葵、榛子和禾本科混合花粉作为食物来源不太合适，导致所有测试参数的表现都很差。与文献数据相比，测试的 18 种花粉被证明是比香蒲花粉更好或相似的食物来源，使 A. swirskii 成为一种正杂食性 IV 型物种。蓖麻花粉和玉米花粉可以作为 banker 植物推荐作为补充食物，山茱萸花粉和桦树花粉推荐作为温室中可分散花粉使用。
