Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2013 May 9;8(5):e64146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064146. Print 2013.
Ex-situ conservation of crop diversity is a global concern, and the development of an efficient and sustainable conservation system is a historic priority recognized in international law and policy. We assess the completeness of the safety duplication collection in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault with respect to data on the world's ex-situ collections as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Currently, 774,601 samples are deposited at Svalbard by 53 genebanks. We estimate that more than one third of the globally distinct accessions of 156 crop genera stored in genebanks as orthodox seeds are conserved in the Seed Vault. The numbers of safety duplicates of Triticum (wheat), Sorghum (sorghum), Pennisetum (pearl millet), Eleusine (finger millet), Cicer (chickpea) and Lens (lentil) exceed 50% of the estimated numbers of distinct accessions in global ex-situ collections. The number of accessions conserved globally generally reflects importance for food production, but there are significant gaps in the safety collection at Svalbard in some genera of high importance for food security in tropical countries, such as Amaranthus (amaranth), Chenopodium (quinoa), Eragrostis (teff) and Abelmoschus (okra). In the 29 food-crop genera with the largest number of accessions stored globally, an average of 5.5 out of the ten largest collections is already represented in the Seed Vault collection or is covered by existing deposit agreements. The high coverage of ITPGRFA Annex 1 crops and of those crops for which there is a CGIAR mandate in the current Seed Vault collection indicates that existence of international policies and institutions are important determinants for accessions to be safety duplicated at Svalbard. As a back-up site for the global conservation system, the Seed Vault plays not only a practical but also a symbolic role for enhanced integration and cooperation for conservation of crop diversity.
作物多样性的就地保护是全球关注的问题，建立一个高效和可持续的保护系统是国际法和政策所承认的历史优先事项。我们根据联合国粮食及农业组织报告的世界作物离体收集数据，评估了斯瓦尔巴全球种子库安全备份收集的完整性。目前，有 53 个基因库在斯瓦尔巴保存了 774601 个样本。我们估计，在基因库中以正统种子保存的 156 个作物属中，超过三分之一的全球独特品种在种子库中得到了保护。在斯瓦尔巴全球种子库中，小麦、高粱、珍珠粟、狗尾草、鹰嘴豆和兵豆的安全备份品种数量超过全球离体收集的估计独特品种数量的 50%。全球保存的品种数量通常反映了其对粮食生产的重要性，但在一些对热带国家粮食安全具有重要意义的属中，斯瓦尔巴的安全收集存在显著差距，如苋属、藜属、画眉草属和秋葵属。在全球保存品种数量最多的 29 个粮食作物属中，平均有 5.5 个最大的收集品系已经在种子库的收集品系中得到了代表，或者已经有现有的存款协议涵盖。目前种子库收集品系中对 ITPGRFA 附件 1 作物和 CG IAR 任务作物的高度覆盖，表明国际政策和机构的存在是确保在斯瓦尔巴进行安全备份的重要决定因素。作为全球保护系统的后备站点，种子库不仅在实践上，而且在增强作物多样性保护的整合与合作方面也发挥了象征作用。
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