State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China.
Nat Commun. 2013;4:1860. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2814.
The genetic bases of demographic changes and artificial selection underlying domestication are of great interest in evolutionary biology. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of multiple grey wolves, Chinese indigenous dogs and dogs of diverse breeds. Demographic analysis show that the split between wolves and Chinese indigenous dogs occurred 32,000 years ago and that the subsequent bottlenecks were mild. Therefore, dogs may have been under human selection over a much longer time than previously concluded, based on molecular data, perhaps by initially scavenging with humans. Population genetic analysis identifies a list of genes under positive selection during domestication, which overlaps extensively with the corresponding list of positively selected genes in humans. Parallel evolution is most apparent in genes for digestion and metabolism, neurological process and cancer. Our study, for the first time, draws together humans and dogs in their recent genomic evolution.
遗传基础人口变化和人工选择的驯化是进化生物学的研究热点。在这里，我们对多个灰狼、中国本土犬种和不同品种的犬进行了全基因组测序。人口分析显示，狼和中国本土犬种的分化发生在 32000 年前，随后的瓶颈期较为温和。因此，与之前基于分子数据得出的结论相比，狗可能在更长的时间内受到人类的选择，也许最初是与人类一起觅食。种群遗传分析确定了在驯化过程中受选择的一组基因，与人类受选择的基因有很大的重叠。在消化和代谢、神经过程和癌症相关的基因中，平行进化最为明显。我们的研究首次将人类和犬类的近期基因组进化联系起来。
