Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
Biotechnol Adv. 2013 Dec;31(8):1292-307. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 May 14.
A wealth of information on the different aspects of iron homeostasis in plants has been obtained during the last decade. However, there is no clear road-map integrating the relationships between the various components. The principal aim of the current review is to fill this gap. In this context we discuss the lack of low affinity iron uptake mechanisms in plants, the utilization of a different uptake mechanism by graminaceous plants compared to the others, as well as the roles of riboflavin, ferritin isoforms, nitric oxide, nitrosylation, heme, aconitase, and vacuolar pH. Cross-homeostasis between elements is also considered, with a specific emphasis on the relationship between iron homeostasis and phosphorus and copper deficiencies. As the environment is a crucial parameter for modulating plant responses, we also highlight how diurnal fluctuations govern iron metabolism. Evolutionary aspects of iron homeostasis have so far attracted little attention. Looking into the past can inform us on how long-term oxygen and iron-availability fluctuations have influenced the evolution of iron uptake mechanisms. Finally, we evaluate to what extent this homeostastic road map can be used for the development of novel biofortification strategies in order to alleviate iron deficiency in human.
在过去的十年中，人们已经获得了大量关于植物中铁稳态不同方面的信息。然而，目前还没有一个明确的路线图来整合各种成分之间的关系。本综述的主要目的是填补这一空白。在这方面，我们讨论了植物中缺乏低亲和力铁摄取机制、禾本科植物与其他植物相比使用不同摄取机制的问题，以及核黄素、铁蛋白同工型、一氧化氮、硝化、血红素、 aconitase 和液泡 pH 的作用。我们还考虑了元素之间的交叉稳态，特别强调了铁稳态与磷和铜缺乏之间的关系。由于环境是调节植物反应的关键参数，我们还强调了昼夜波动如何控制铁代谢。铁稳态的进化方面迄今为止还没有引起太多关注。回顾过去，可以让我们了解长期的氧气和铁供应波动是如何影响铁摄取机制的进化的。最后，我们评估了这个稳态路线图在多大程度上可以用于开发新的生物强化策略，以缓解人类的缺铁问题。
