Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2013 May 16;10:E79. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.120218.
An increasing number of US states and localities have implemented comprehensive policies prohibiting tobacco smoking in all indoor areas of public places and worksites. However, private settings such as homes and vehicles remain a major source of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) for many people. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of voluntary smoke-free rules and SHS exposure in homes and vehicles among US adults.
We obtained data from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a landline and cellular-telephone survey of adults aged 18 years or older residing in the 50 US states or the District of Columbia. We calculated national and state estimates of smoke-free rules and past-7-day SHS exposure in homes and vehicles and examined national estimates by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education.
The national prevalence of voluntary smoke-free home rules was 81.1% (state range, 67.9%-92.9%), and the prevalence of household smoke-free vehicle rules was 73.6% (state range, 58.6%-85.8%). Among nonsmokers, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 6.0% in homes (state range, 2.4%-13.0%) and 9.2% in vehicles (state range, 4.8%-13.7%). SHS exposure among nonsmokers was greatest among men, younger adults, non-Hispanic blacks, and those with a lower level of education.
Most US adults report having voluntary smoke-free home and vehicle rules; however, millions of people remain exposed to SHS in these environments. Disparities in exposure also exist among certain states and subpopulations. Efforts are needed to warn about the dangers of SHS and to promote voluntary smoke-free home and vehicle rules.
越来越多的美国州和地方实施了全面的政策，禁止在所有公共场所和工作场所的室内区域吸烟。然而，对于许多人来说，家庭和车辆等私人场所仍然是接触二手烟（SHS）的主要来源。本研究评估了美国成年人家庭和车辆中自愿无烟规则和 SHS 暴露的流行率和相关性。
我们从 2009-2010 年全国成人烟草调查中获取数据，该调查是一项针对居住在 50 个州或哥伦比亚特区的 18 岁或以上成年人的电话和手机调查。我们计算了全国和各州的家庭和车辆中无烟规则和过去 7 天 SHS 暴露的估计值，并按性别、年龄、种族/族裔和教育程度检查了全国估计值。
全国自愿无烟家庭规则的流行率为 81.1%（州范围为 67.9%-92.9%），家庭无烟车辆规则的流行率为 73.6%（州范围为 58.6%-85.8%）。在不吸烟者中，家庭中 SHS 暴露的流行率为 6.0%（州范围为 2.4%-13.0%），车辆中为 9.2%（州范围为 4.8%-13.7%）。不吸烟者中 SHS 暴露率最高的是男性、年轻成年人、非西班牙裔黑人以及受教育程度较低的人群。
大多数美国成年人报告有自愿的无烟家庭和车辆规则；然而，仍有数百万人在这些环境中接触到 SHS。在某些州和亚人群中也存在暴露差异。需要努力警告 SHS 的危险，并促进自愿的无烟家庭和车辆规则。
