Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 15;18(18):9719. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189719.
The 2006 Surgeon General's Report recommended the elimination of smoking in homes as an effective protective measure against the harmful effects of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. This study aims to examine trends in the prevalence and levels of the adoption of home tobacco use policies specifically for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and the relationships between home tobacco use policies and self-reported exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.
This study utilizes data from Wave 1 (2013-2014) through Wave 4 (2016-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a large prospective cohort study of youths and adults in the United States which collected information about both smoke-free and tobacco-free home policies. We present the weighted, population-based, self-reported prevalence of home tobacco use policies overall and by product, and the average number of self-reported hours of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure by levels of home tobacco policy and by survey wave. In addition, we examine the characteristics of those who adopted (by yes or no) a home tobacco use ban between survey waves.
We found a high prevalence of completely tobacco-free home policies (69.5%). However, 10.6% of adults allow the use of any type of tobacco product inside their homes, and 19.8% have a policy allowing the use of some types of tobacco products and banning the use of others. Adults with a complete tobacco use ban inside their homes were more likely to be nonusers of tobacco (79.9%); living with children in the home (71.8%); at or above the poverty level (70.8%); non-white (76.0%); Hispanic (82.7%); and aged 45 or older (71.9%). The adoption of 100% tobacco-free home policies is associated with a 64% decrease in secondhand smoke exposure among youths and a 69% decrease in exposure among adults.
Most US adults have implemented tobacco-free home policies; however, there is still exposure to SHS in the home, for both adults and children, particularly in the homes of tobacco users. Additional research should investigate tobacco-free home policies for different types of products and what effect they have on future tobacco use behaviors.
2006 年美国卫生总监报告建议，消除家庭中的吸烟行为，作为防止二手烟暴露有害影响的有效保护措施。本研究旨在调查家庭内具体针对香烟、电子烟、无烟烟草制品的烟草使用政策的采用率和水平的趋势，以及这些政策与报告的二手烟暴露之间的关系。
本研究使用了来自美国青少年和成年人的大型前瞻性队列研究——人口烟草评估（PATH）研究中第 1 波（2013-2014 年）至第 4 波（2016-2018 年）的数据，该研究收集了关于无烟和无烟家庭政策的信息。我们展示了整体和按产品划分的家庭烟草使用政策的加权、基于人群的自我报告流行率，以及按家庭烟草政策水平和调查波划分的自我报告二手烟（SHS）暴露小时数的平均值。此外，我们还研究了在调查波之间采用（通过是或否）家庭烟草使用禁令的人群的特征。
我们发现完全无烟家庭政策的高流行率（69.5%）。然而，10.6%的成年人允许在其家中使用任何类型的烟草制品，19.8%的人有允许使用某些类型的烟草制品和禁止使用其他烟草制品的政策。家中完全禁止使用烟草的成年人更有可能是非烟草使用者（79.9%）；与家中的孩子同住（71.8%）；处于或高于贫困线（70.8%）；非白人（76.0%）；西班牙裔（82.7%）；年龄在 45 岁或以上（71.9%）。采用 100%无烟家庭政策与青少年的二手烟暴露减少 64%和成年人的暴露减少 69%相关。
大多数美国成年人已经实施了无烟家庭政策；然而，家庭中仍然存在 SHS 暴露，包括成年人和儿童，尤其是在吸烟者的家中。进一步的研究应该调查不同类型产品的无烟家庭政策，以及它们对未来烟草使用行为的影响。
