Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2011 Jul-Aug;126(4):575-82. doi: 10.1177/003335491112600414.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an important cause of morbidity in children. We assessed the impact of family rules about smoking in the home and car on SHS exposure prevalence in students in grades six to 12.
We studied never-smoking young people (n = 1,698) in the random sample cross-sectional South Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey, a 2006 survey of middle and high school students in South Carolina.
Overall, 40% of the students reported SHS exposure in either the home or car in the past week; among these, 85% reported exposure in cars. Subsequent analyses focused on students who lived with a smoker (n = 602). Compared with those whose families prohibited smoking in the home or car, SHS exposure prevalence was 30% (p < 0.0001) higher for households with smoke-free rules for only one place (home or car) and 36% (p < 0.0001) higher for households with no rules. Compared with students from households with strict rules, SHS exposure prevalence was 48% greater (p < 0.0001) among those with only partial rules against smoking in the home or car, and 55% (p < 0.0001) greater among those from households with no rules. Similarly, compared with students with strict family rules for home and car that were adhered to, SHS exposure prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among students when only one or no rules were followed.
Young people from families that made and enforced strong rules against smoking in homes and cars were much less likely to report SHS exposure. Parents would be wise to endorse and enforce strong smoke-free policies for both homes and cars.
二手烟（SHS）暴露是儿童发病的一个重要原因。我们评估了家庭中关于吸烟的规定以及车内吸烟规定对 6 至 12 年级学生 SHS 暴露流行率的影响。
我们对南卡罗来纳州青年烟草调查中的从未吸烟的年轻人（n=1698）进行了横断面随机抽样研究，这是一项针对南卡罗来纳州中学生的 2006 年调查。
总体而言，40%的学生报告在过去一周内家中或车内有 SHS 暴露；其中，85%的学生报告在车内暴露。随后的分析集中在与吸烟者同住的学生（n=602）上。与那些家中或车内禁止吸烟的家庭相比，家中或车内只有一个无烟场所的家庭 SHS 暴露率高 30%（p＜0.0001），家中或车内无规则的家庭 SHS 暴露率高 36%（p＜0.0001）。与家中有严格规则的学生相比，家中或车内仅部分禁止吸烟的学生 SHS 暴露率高 48%（p＜0.0001），家中或车内无规则的学生 SHS 暴露率高 55%（p＜0.0001）。同样，与家中和车内规则严格且得到遵守的学生相比，当仅遵守一条或没有规则时，学生的 SHS 暴露率明显更高（p＜0.0001）。
家中和车内制定并执行严格的禁烟规定的家庭的年轻人报告 SHS 暴露的可能性要小得多。家长明智的做法是支持并执行家中和车内的严格无烟政策。
