Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan A, Olufajo Olubode, Agaku Israel T
School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 10;14:580. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-580.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a well-established health hazard. To determine the effectiveness of existing smoke-free policies and adoption of smoke-free rules in South Africa, we assessed exposure to SHS from several sources among non-smoking adults during 2010.
Data were analyzed for 3,094 adults aged ≥16 years who participated in the 2010 South African Social Attitudes Survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used to assess presence of smoke-free rules among all South Africans, and prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at work, at home, and at hospitality venues among non-smokers.
Overall, 70.6% of all South African adults had 100% smoke-free rules in their private cars, 62.5% in their homes, while 63.9% worked in places with 100% smoke-free policies. Overall, 55.9% of all non-smokers reported exposure to SHS from at least one source (i.e., in the home, workplace or at a hospitality venue). By specific source of exposure, 18.4% reported being exposed to SHS at work, 25.2% at home, 33.4% in a restaurant, and 32.7% at a bar. Presence of work bans on indoor smoking conferred lower likelihood of SHS exposure at work among non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.60). Similarly, smoke-free home rules decreased the odds of being exposed to SHS at home among non-smokers (aOR =0.16; 95% CI: 0.09-0.30).
Over half of South African adults reported SHS exposure in the home or at public places such as the workplace and at hospitality venues. This underscores the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws that prohibit smoking in all public indoor areas without exemptions.
接触二手烟（SHS）是一种公认的健康危害。为了确定南非现有无烟政策的有效性以及无烟规定的采用情况，我们评估了2010年期间非吸烟成年人接触多种来源二手烟的情况。
对参加2010年南非社会态度调查的3094名年龄≥16岁的成年人的数据进行了分析。使用描述性统计和多变量分析来评估所有南非人当中无烟规定的存在情况，以及非吸烟者在工作场所、家中和公共场所接触二手烟的患病率及其相关因素。
总体而言，70.6%的南非成年人在其私家车中有100%的无烟规定，62.5%在家中有，而63.9%在有100%无烟政策的场所工作。总体而言，55.9%的非吸烟者报告接触过至少一种来源的二手烟（即在家庭、工作场所或公共场所）。按具体接触来源划分，18.4%报告在工作时接触二手烟，25.2%在家中，33.4%在餐馆，32.7%在酒吧。工作场所室内吸烟禁令的存在使非吸烟者在工作时接触二手烟的可能性降低（调整后的优势比[aOR]=0.23；95%置信区间：0.09 - 0.60）。同样，无烟家庭规定降低了非吸烟者在家中接触二手烟的几率（aOR =0.16；95%置信区间：0.09 - 0.30）。
超过一半的南非成年人报告在家中或工作场所及公共场所等地方接触过二手烟。这突出表明需要制定全面的无烟法律，禁止在所有公共室内区域吸烟，不得有任何豁免。
