Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR5672 46, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
Phys Rev Lett. 2013 May 3;110(18):180601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.180601. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the energy exchanged between two conductors kept at different temperature and coupled by the electric thermal noise. Experimentally we determine, as functions of the temperature difference, the heat flux, the out-of-equilibrium variance, and a conservation law for the fluctuating entropy, which we justify theoretically. The system is ruled by the same equations as two Brownian particles kept at different temperatures and coupled by an elastic force. Our results set strong constraints on the energy exchanged between coupled nanosystems held at different temperatures.
我们报告了一项实验和理论分析，研究了通过电热噪声耦合的两个处于不同温度的导体之间交换的能量。实验上，我们确定了热通量、非平衡方差以及随时间变化的熵的守恒定律，这些都是作为温差的函数来表示的，我们从理论上证明了这些守恒定律。该系统受相同的方程支配，这些方程适用于处于不同温度且通过弹性力耦合的两个布朗粒子。我们的结果对处于不同温度的耦合纳米系统之间交换的能量施加了严格的限制。
