Habel L, Kaye K, Lee J
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiologic Research, New York City Department of Health.
Women Health. 1990;16(2):41-58. doi: 10.1300/J013v16n02_04.
New York City trends in maternal drug abuse during pregnancy and in mortality rates for infants with in utero drug exposure are reported; causes of death among drug-exposed infants are studied, as is the association between maternal drug abuse and other factors that contribute to infant mortality (e.g., low birthweight, lack of prenatal care). Data for this study are derived from the linked files of New York City birth and infant death certificates. Reports of infants born to drug abusing mothers increased from 6.7 per 1000 live births in 1981 to 20.3 per 1000 live births in 1987, with abuse of cocaine accounting for most of the rise. When standardized for race and ethnicity, the mortality rate for drug-exposed infants born from 1978 through 1986 was 35.9, or 2.4 times that for infants in New York City in general. Drug-exposed infants were over three times as likely as infants in the general population to be of low birthweight. The association of both opiates and cocaine with increased mortality and low birthweight was similar. Death rates from SIDS and AIDS were especially higher for drug-exposed infants than for those in the general population, and were similar for opiate- and cocaine-exposed infants. The impact of drug abuse on infant mortality rates in selected low socioeconomic health districts is discussed.
报告了纽约市孕期母亲药物滥用趋势以及子宫内药物暴露婴儿的死亡率；研究了药物暴露婴儿的死因，以及母亲药物滥用与其他导致婴儿死亡的因素（如低出生体重、缺乏产前护理）之间的关联。本研究数据来源于纽约市出生证明和婴儿死亡证明的关联文件。药物滥用母亲所生婴儿的报告数量从1981年的每1000例活产6.7例增加到1987年的每1000例活产20.3例，其中可卡因滥用占增长大部分。按种族和民族标准化后，1978年至1986年出生的药物暴露婴儿死亡率为35.9，是纽约市总体婴儿死亡率的2.4倍。药物暴露婴儿出生时低体重的可能性是普通人群婴儿的三倍多。阿片类药物和可卡因与死亡率增加和低出生体重之间的关联相似。药物暴露婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合征和艾滋病的比率尤其高于普通人群婴儿，且阿片类药物暴露婴儿和可卡因暴露婴儿的这一比率相似。讨论了药物滥用对选定的低社会经济健康区婴儿死亡率的影响。
