Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;371:201-27. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_8.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs expressed by plants, animals, and some viruses. miRNAs generally function as part of miRNA-induced silencing complexes to modestly repress mRNAs with imperfect sequence complementarity. Over the last years, many different roles of miRNA mediated regulation in the life cycles of mammalian viruses have been uncovered. In this chapter, I will mainly explore four different examples of how cellular miRNAs interact with viruses: the role of miR-155 in viral oncogenesis, viral strategies to eliminate cellular miR-27, the contribution of miR-122 to the replication of hepatitis C virus, and miRNAs as an experimental tool to control virus replication and vector transgene expression. In the final part of this chapter, I will give a brief overview of virally encoded microRNAs.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是一类由植物、动物和一些病毒表达的小非编码 RNA。miRNAs 通常作为 miRNA 诱导沉默复合物的一部分，通过与不完全互补的序列来适度抑制 mRNAs。在过去的几年中，人们发现 miRNA 介导的调节在哺乳动物病毒的生命周期中具有许多不同的作用。在本章中，我将主要探讨细胞 miRNA 与病毒相互作用的四个不同例子：miR-155 在病毒致癌中的作用、病毒消除细胞 miR-27 的策略、miR-122 对丙型肝炎病毒复制的贡献，以及作为控制病毒复制和载体转基因表达的实验工具的 miRNAs。在本章的最后部分，我将简要概述病毒编码的 miRNAs。
