Haasnoot Joost, Berkhout Ben
Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;721:23-41. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-037-9_2.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Recent studies demonstrate that miRNAs can also strongly affect the replication of pathogenic viruses. For example, cellular miRNAs can target and repress the expression of viral mRNAs, but there is also at least one example of a cellular miRNA that stimulates virus replication. Furthermore, viruses can encode their own miRNAs, trigger changes in cellular miRNA expression or encode RNA silencing suppressor factors that inhibit cellular miRNAs. These interactions together form a complex regulatory network that controls both viral and host gene expression, which ultimately determines the outcome of viral infection at the cellular level and disease progression in the host. Here, we summarize the literature data on such virus-cell interactions in mammals and discuss how miRNAs can be used as research tools or targets in the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
微小RNA（miRNA）在真核基因表达调控中发挥着至关重要的作用。最近的研究表明，miRNA也能强烈影响致病病毒的复制。例如，细胞miRNA可以靶向并抑制病毒mRNA的表达，但也至少有一个细胞miRNA刺激病毒复制的例子。此外，病毒可以编码自身的miRNA，触发细胞miRNA表达的变化，或编码抑制细胞miRNA的RNA沉默抑制因子。这些相互作用共同形成一个复杂的调控网络，该网络控制病毒和宿主基因的表达，最终决定病毒感染在细胞水平的结果以及宿主中的疾病进展。在这里，我们总结了关于哺乳动物中此类病毒 - 细胞相互作用的文献数据，并讨论了miRNA如何用作新型抗病毒疗法开发中的研究工具或靶点。
