Mauch F, Best R, Bauer G
Sportklinik Stuttgart, Taubenheimstrasse 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurg. 2013 Jun;116(6):488-96. doi: 10.1007/s00113-013-2372-7.
Muscular lesions represent the most common form of sports injury. The four large muscle groups hamstrings, adductors, gastrocnemius and knee extensor muscles are most often affected. Most injuries occur during excentric tension impact. Diagnostics begin with an exact medical history and detailed clinical investigations. Imaging with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important to differentiate between structural lesions and functional disorders and to determine the extent of the injury. Most frequently treatment remains conservative and is oriented to the three phases of the healing process. In most cases (leisure sports) the rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) concept with subsequent pain-adapted load increase suffices for a return to sport activities. Infiltration therapy including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an additional therapy option but should not be used to accelerate the healing process. Surgical treatment only rarely becomes necessary for treatment of muscular injuries.
肌肉损伤是最常见的运动损伤形式。腘绳肌、内收肌、腓肠肌和膝关节伸肌这四大肌肉群最常受到影响。大多数损伤发生在离心张力冲击期间。诊断始于准确的病史采集和详细的临床检查。超声和磁共振成像（MRI）成像对于区分结构损伤和功能障碍以及确定损伤程度很重要。大多数情况下，治疗仍采用保守治疗，并针对愈合过程的三个阶段进行。在大多数情况（休闲运动）下，休息、冰敷、加压和抬高（RICE）原则以及随后根据疼痛情况逐渐增加负荷足以使人恢复体育活动。包括富血小板血浆（PRP）在内的浸润疗法是另一种治疗选择，但不应将其用于加速愈合过程。肌肉损伤的治疗很少需要手术治疗。
