Department of Population Health, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Am Psychol. 2013 May-Jun;68(4):261-73. doi: 10.1037/a0032746.
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic in the United States and in many other parts of the world. The HIV epidemic is inextricably tied to other health problems that disproportionately affect gay, bisexual, and other MSM including psychological comorbidities, substance use, sexual victimization, stigmatization, and multiple forms of discrimination. These interrelated health problems and social issues can be characterized as a syndemic of mutually reinforcing conditions or epidemics. Moreover, the syndemic is directed by biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and structural determinants. Addressing HIV within the context of a larger syndemic will require a more holistic approach to HIV prevention and treatment that recognizes the interplay between biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and structural factors that affect the health and well-being of sexual minority men.
男同性恋者、双性恋者和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）自美国和世界许多其他地区开始出现艾滋病疫情以来，一直不成比例地受到 HIV 和艾滋病的影响。艾滋病毒疫情与其他健康问题密切相关，这些问题对男同性恋者、双性恋者和其他 MSM 不成比例地产生影响，包括心理合并症、药物使用、性受害、污名化和多种形式的歧视。这些相互关联的健康问题和社会问题可以被描述为相互加强条件或流行病的综合征。此外，该综合征由生物、行为、心理社会和结构决定因素驱动。在更大的综合征背景下解决 HIV 问题需要采取更全面的方法来预防和治疗 HIV，认识到影响性少数群体男性健康和福祉的生物、行为、心理社会和结构因素之间的相互作用。
