Department of Biology (Area 9), University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;786:213-29. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_12.
A population of multipotent stromal cells exists within bone marrow and other adult tissues, which is able to differentiate into different skeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage and fat. These cells are frequently referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and offer significant therapeutic potential, particularly in orthopaedic applications, but may also have broader roles in regenerative medicine, cancer treatment, as anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressives and vehicles for gene/protein therapy. Much attention has focused on understanding MSC biology and the regulation of differentiation to help realise these clinical aspirations. Here we review some of the key molecular determinants of MSC function, with an emphasis on transcription factor control and the cell-cell signalling pathways that regulate MSC differentiation. The source information comes from a range of different models, including isolated human MSC cultures, animal-derived MSC-like cell lines, animal models and skeletal developmental processes to provide a wide-angled overview of the important players in MSC biology and tri-lineage specification.
骨髓和其他成人组织中存在着一群多能基质细胞，能够分化为不同的骨骼组织，如骨、软骨和脂肪。这些细胞通常被称为间充质干细胞（MSCs），具有显著的治疗潜力，特别是在骨科应用中，但在再生医学、癌症治疗、抗炎、免疫抑制以及基因/蛋白治疗载体中也可能具有更广泛的作用。人们非常关注理解 MSC 生物学和分化的调节，以帮助实现这些临床愿望。在这里，我们回顾了 MSC 功能的一些关键分子决定因素，重点是转录因子的控制和调节 MSC 分化的细胞间信号通路。来源信息来自一系列不同的模型，包括分离的人 MSC 培养物、动物来源的 MSC 样细胞系、动物模型和骨骼发育过程，为 MSC 生物学和三系分化的重要参与者提供了广泛的概述。
