Ratson T
Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim (1993). 2013 Jan;30(1):26-30, 69.
Supernumerary teeth are more frequently located in the premaxillary region. Mesiodentes are the most common supernumerary teeth, occurring in 0.15% to 1.9% of the population. Supernumerary teeth are frequently diagnosed in a random radiograph, or after clinical symptoms appear. The majority of the complications consist of delayed or ectopic eruption of the permanent incisors. It is important for the clinician to be aware of the phenomenon and its implications, in order to diagnose it as early as possible. Extraction of the supernumerary teeth in the late mixed dentition, will minimize the chances of damaging the adjacent permanent teeth, but will reduce the possibility of spontaneous eruption of an impacted permanent incisor. Extraction in the early mixed dentition can expedite the eruption of the permanent incisor, although it may involve sedation or general anesthesia, due to lack of cooperation in the young patient. Because to the risk of uneruption of the permanent impacted incisor, exposure of the teeth and bonding a ligature or bracket at the same procedure, and providing a possibility for the dentist to make the incisor erupt after the first operation, should the incisor not erupt spontaneously. Treating these cases require the cooperation of pediatric dentist, orthodontic and dental surgeon, and sometimes the involvement of an anesthesiologist.
多生牙更常见于上颌前部区域。正中牙是最常见的多生牙，在人群中的发生率为0.15%至1.9%。多生牙常在随机的X光片检查中或临床症状出现后被诊断出来。大多数并发症包括恒牙切牙萌出延迟或异位萌出。临床医生了解这一现象及其影响很重要，以便尽早诊断。在混合牙列后期拔除多生牙，将使损伤相邻恒牙的几率降至最低，但会降低埋伏恒牙切牙自行萌出的可能性。在混合牙列早期拔除多生牙可加快恒牙切牙的萌出，不过由于年轻患者不配合，可能需要镇静或全身麻醉。由于存在埋伏恒牙切牙不萌出的风险，在同一操作中暴露牙齿并粘结结扎丝或托槽，并为牙医提供在首次手术后使切牙萌出的可能性，前提是切牙不能自行萌出。治疗这些病例需要儿科牙医、正畸医生和口腔外科医生的合作，有时还需要麻醉医生的参与。
