Hultén B, Bengtsson C, Isaksson B
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990 Mar;44(3):169-74.
In the longitudinal population study 'Women in Gothenburg', subgroups of 154, 205 and 331 women in 1968/69, 1974/75 and 1980/81 respectively, were subjected to a dietary interview and collected a 24-h urine specimen for nitrogen analyses. The dietary data demonstrated a continuous increase in intake of energy and protein with time (2030, 2150 and 2350 kcal/d and 73, 77 and 90 g protein/d), while the 'true' protein intake (calculated from 24-h urine nitrogen) was unchanged (75, 73 and 75 g/d). The discrepancies were interpreted as being due to the changes in the dietary questionnaires made before the interviews in 1974/75, and again in 1980/81, changes expected to improve the method. In 1968/69 overweight women (BMI 24-30), as well as obese women (BMI greater than 30), reported a significantly smaller intake of energy and protein than lean women. Their reported protein intake was significantly lower than their 'true' protein intake (69 versus 77 g/d and 73 versus 94 g/d, respectively). Significant underreporting of dietary intake by the overweight and obese women in the studies 1974/75 and 1980/81 was revealed by the urine nitrogen test after correction for the methodological errors of the questionnaires. The results illustrate the necessity of using an independent validation test in dietary surveys.
在纵向人群研究“哥德堡女性”中，分别在1968/69年、1974/75年和1980/81年选取了154名、205名和331名女性亚组，对她们进行了饮食访谈，并收集了24小时尿液样本用于氮分析。饮食数据显示，随着时间推移，能量和蛋白质摄入量持续增加（分别为2030、2150和2350千卡/天以及73、77和90克蛋白质/天），而“真实”蛋白质摄入量（根据24小时尿氮计算）保持不变（75、73和75克/天）。这些差异被解释为是由于在1974/75年以及1980/81年访谈前对饮食问卷所做的修改，这些修改旨在改进方法。在1968/69年，超重女性（BMI 24 - 30）以及肥胖女性（BMI大于30）报告的能量和蛋白质摄入量明显低于瘦女性。她们报告的蛋白质摄入量显著低于其“真实”蛋白质摄入量（分别为69克/天对77克/天以及73克/天对94克/天）。在对问卷的方法学误差进行校正后，1974/75年和1980/81年研究中超重和肥胖女性饮食摄入量的显著低报通过尿氮测试得以揭示。结果表明在饮食调查中使用独立验证测试的必要性。
