Voss S, Kroke A, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Boeing H
German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Bergholz-Rehbrücke.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1997 Sep;36(3):229-36. doi: 10.1007/BF01623369.
The phenomenon of underreporting of dietary intake has been observed previously in many epidemiologic studies. In this study it was investigated whether dependencies exist between energy intake obtained by a semi-quantitative, self-administered food frequency questionnaire and lifestyle or anthropometric factors, particularly obesity. The study population consisted of 2,531 subjects, men aged 40 to 64 years and women aged 35 to 64 years from the general population of Potsdam and the surrounding areas. First, subjects were allocated into quintiles of the ratio 'reported energy intake (EI)' to 'calculated basal metabolic rate (BMR)' as a measure of age and weight adjusted energy intake. No apparent dependencies between socio-economic variables and the ratio EI/BMR were observed. Among anthropometric variables, BMI and related measures of obesity were inversely related to the ratio EI/BMR in men and women. While dietary intake was directly related to the ratio EI/BMR in absolute quantities, energy adjusted intake of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol was found to be independent of this ratio. Energy adjusted food group consumption was also found to be independent of the ratio EI/BMR, showing only slightly increasing trends across quintiles of EI/BMR for cereals and fats, and a slightly decreasing trend for sweet foods in women. When subjects were classified into three categories of BMI, reported energy intake decreased across categories. Estimated energy expenditure based on BMR was increasing with BMI categories. A close direct relationship was observed between BMI categories and the difference between reported energy intake and estimated energy expenditure. It is concluded that obesity is a major determinant of under-reporting. Energy adjusted dietary variables were found to be largely independent of such methodological influences.
此前在许多流行病学研究中都观察到了饮食摄入量报告不足的现象。在本研究中，调查了通过半定量、自我管理的食物频率问卷获得的能量摄入量与生活方式或人体测量因素（特别是肥胖）之间是否存在相关性。研究人群包括来自波茨坦及周边地区普通人群的2531名受试者，年龄在40至64岁之间的男性和年龄在35至64岁之间的女性。首先，将受试者按照“报告的能量摄入量（EI）”与“计算的基础代谢率（BMR）”之比的五分位数进行分类，以此作为年龄和体重调整后的能量摄入量的衡量指标。未观察到社会经济变量与EI/BMR之比之间存在明显相关性。在人体测量变量中，男性和女性的BMI及相关肥胖指标与EI/BMR之比呈负相关。虽然饮食摄入量在绝对数量上与EI/BMR之比直接相关，但发现脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物和酒精的能量调整摄入量与该比例无关。能量调整后的食物组消费量也与EI/BMR之比无关，谷类和脂肪在EI/BMR五分位数中的消费量仅呈略微增加趋势，而女性甜食的消费量呈略微下降趋势。当将受试者按BMI的三个类别进行分类时，报告的能量摄入量随类别而减少。基于BMR估计的能量消耗随BMI类别增加。观察到BMI类别与报告的能量摄入量和估计的能量消耗之间的差异存在密切的直接关系。得出的结论是，肥胖是报告不足的主要决定因素。发现能量调整后的饮食变量在很大程度上不受此类方法学影响。
