Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California 92862, USA.
J Endourol. 2013 Sep;27(9):1154-60. doi: 10.1089/end.2013.0286. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Recent advances and the widespread availability of smartphones have ushered in a new wave of innovations in healthcare. We present our initial experience with Endockscope, a new docking system that optimizes the coupling of the iPhone 4S with modern endoscopes.
Using the United States Air Force resolution target, we compared the image resolution (line pairs/mm) of a flexible cystoscope coupled to the Endockscope+iPhone to the Storz high definition (HD) camera (H3-Z Versatile). We then used the Munsell ColorChecker chart to compare the color resolution with a 0° laparoscope. Furthermore, 12 expert endoscopists blindly compared and evaluated images from a porcine model using a cystoscope and ureteroscope for both systems. Finally, we also compared the cost (average of two company listed prices) and weight (lb) of the two systems.
Overall, the image resolution allowed by the Endockscope was identical to the traditional HD camera (4.49 vs 4.49 lp/mm). Red (ΔE=9.26 vs 9.69) demonstrated better color resolution for iPhone, but green (ΔE=7.76 vs 10.95), and blue (ΔE=12.35 vs 14.66) revealed better color resolution with the Storz HD camera. Expert reviews of cystoscopic images acquired with the HD camera were superior in image, color, and overall quality (P=0.002, 0.042, and 0.003). In contrast, the ureteroscopic reviews yielded no statistical difference in image, color, and overall (P=1, 0.203, and 0.120) quality. The overall cost of the Endockscope+iPhone was $154 compared with $46,623 for a standard HD system. The weight of the mobile-coupled system was 0.47 lb and 1.01 lb for the Storz HD camera.
Endockscope demonstrated feasibility of coupling endoscopes to a smartphone. The lighter and inexpensive Endockscope acquired images of the same resolution and acceptable color resolution. When evaluated by expert endoscopists, the quality of the images overall were equivalent for flexible ureteroscopy and somewhat inferior, but still acceptable for flexible cystoscopy.
最近的技术进步和智能手机的广泛应用带来了医疗保健领域的新一波创新浪潮。我们介绍了一种新的对接系统 Endockscope 的初步应用经验，该系统可优化 iPhone 4S 与现代内窥镜的连接。
使用美国空军分辨率靶标，我们比较了与 Endockscope+iPhone 连接的柔性膀胱镜的图像分辨率（线对/毫米）与 Storz 高清（HD）相机（H3-Z 多功能）。然后，我们使用 Munsell 比色图表比较了与 0°腹腔镜的色彩分辨率。此外，12 位专家内窥镜医生使用膀胱镜和输尿管镜对两种系统的猪模型图像进行了盲法比较和评估。最后，我们还比较了两种系统的成本（两家公司列出的价格平均值）和重量（磅）。
总体而言，Endockscope 允许的图像分辨率与传统的高清相机相同（4.49 与 4.49 lp/mm）。红色（ΔE=9.26 与 9.69）显示出 iPhone 的更好色彩分辨率，但绿色（ΔE=7.76 与 10.95）和蓝色（ΔE=12.35 与 14.66）显示出 Storz HD 相机的更好色彩分辨率。使用高清相机获得的膀胱镜图像的专家评价在图像、颜色和整体质量方面均更为出色（P=0.002、0.042 和 0.003）。相比之下，输尿管镜检查在图像、颜色和整体质量方面没有统计学差异（P=1、0.203 和 0.120）。Endockscope+iPhone 的总成本为 154 美元，而标准高清系统的成本为 46623 美元。移动耦合系统的重量为 0.47 磅，而 Storz HD 相机的重量为 1.01 磅。
Endockscope 证明了将内窥镜与智能手机连接的可行性。更轻、更便宜的 Endockscope 获得了相同分辨率和可接受的色彩分辨率的图像。当由内窥镜专家进行评估时，整体图像质量对于软性输尿管镜检查是等效的，对于软性膀胱镜检查稍差，但仍可接受。
