Bae Jung Kweon, Vavilin Andrey, You Joon S, Kim Hyeongeun, Ryu Seon Young, Jang Jeong Hun, Jung Woonggyu
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan, Republic Of Korea.
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Creative IT Engineering, Pohang, Republic Of Korea.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2017 Jul 27;5(7):e99. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.7232.
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic technique is often applied for the diagnosis of diseases affecting internal organs and image-guidance of surgical procedures. Although the endoscope has become an indispensable tool in the clinic, its utility has been limited to medical offices or operating rooms because of the large size of its ancillary devices. In addition, the basic design and imaging capability of the system have remained relatively unchanged for decades. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a smartphone-based endoscope system capable of advanced endoscopic functionalities in a compact size and at an affordable cost and to demonstrate its feasibility of point-of-care through human subject imaging. METHODS: We developed and designed to set up a smartphone-based endoscope system, incorporating a portable light source, relay-lens, custom adapter, and homebuilt Android app. We attached three different types of existing rigid or flexible endoscopic probes to our system and captured the endoscopic images using the homebuilt app. Both smartphone-based endoscope system and commercialized clinical endoscope system were utilized to compare the imaging quality and performance. Connecting the head-mounted display (HMD) wirelessly, the smartphone-based endoscope system could superimpose an endoscopic image to real-world view. RESULTS: A total of 15 volunteers who were accepted into our study were captured using our smartphone-based endoscope system, as well as the commercialized clinical endoscope system. It was found that the imaging performance of our device had acceptable quality compared with that of the conventional endoscope system in the clinical setting. In addition, images captured from the HMD used in the smartphone-based endoscope system improved eye-hand coordination between the manipulating site and the smartphone screen, which in turn reduced spatial disorientation. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of our endoscope system was evaluated against a commercial system in routine otolaryngology examinations. We also demonstrated and evaluated the feasibility of conducting endoscopic procedures through a custom HMD.
背景：内镜技术常用于诊断影响内脏器官的疾病以及手术过程的图像引导。尽管内窥镜已成为临床中不可或缺的工具，但其辅助设备体积较大，限制了其仅能在医疗办公室或手术室使用。此外，该系统的基本设计和成像能力几十年来相对未变。 目的：本研究的目的是开发一种基于智能手机的内窥镜系统，该系统体积小巧、成本低廉且具备先进的内窥镜功能，并通过人体成像证明其即时医疗的可行性。 方法：我们开发并设计了一种基于智能手机的内窥镜系统，该系统集成了便携式光源、中继透镜、定制适配器和自制的安卓应用程序。我们将三种不同类型的现有刚性或柔性内窥镜探头连接到我们的系统上，并使用自制应用程序捕获内窥镜图像。同时使用基于智能手机的内窥镜系统和商业化临床内窥镜系统来比较成像质量和性能。通过无线连接头戴式显示器（HMD），基于智能手机的内窥镜系统可以将内窥镜图像叠加到现实世界视图上。 结果：共有15名志愿者参与了我们的研究，我们使用基于智能手机的内窥镜系统以及商业化临床内窥镜系统对他们进行了检查。结果发现，在临床环境中，我们设备的成像性能与传统内窥镜系统相比具有可接受的质量。此外，基于智能手机的内窥镜系统中使用的HMD所捕获的图像改善了操作部位与智能手机屏幕之间的眼手协调能力，进而减少了空间定向障碍。 结论：我们在内科常规耳鼻喉检查中，将我们的内窥镜系统与商业系统的性能进行了评估。我们还展示并评估了通过定制HMD进行内窥镜检查的可行性。
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