McBride Deborah L, Levasseur Sandra A, Li Dongmei
School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2013 Nov 26;2(2):e50. doi: 10.2196/resprot.2774.
The use of personal communication devices (such as basic cell phones, enhanced cell phones or smartphones, and tablet computers) in hospital units has risen dramatically in recent years. The use of these devices for personal and professional activities can be beneficial, but also has the potential to negatively affect patient care, as clinicians may become distracted by these devices.
No validated questionnaire examining the impact of the use of these devices on patient care exists; thus, we aim to develop and validate an online questionnaire for surveying the views of registered nurses with experience of working in hospitals regarding the impact of the use of personal communication devices on hospital units.
A 50-item, four-domain questionnaire on the views of registered nursing staff regarding the impact of personal communication devices on hospital units was developed based on a literature review and interviews with such nurses. A repeated measures pilot study was conducted to examine the psychometrics of a survey questionnaire and the feasibility of conducting a larger study. Psychometric testing of the questionnaire included examining internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability in a sample of 50 registered nurses.
The response rate for the repeated measures was 30%. Cronbach coefficient alpha was used to examine the internal consistency and reliability, and in three of the four question groups (utilization, impact, and opinions), the correlation was observed to be very high. This suggests that the questions were measuring a single underlying theme. The Cronbach alpha value for the questions in the performance group, describing the use of personal communication devices while working, was lower than those for the other question groups. These values may be an indication that the assumptions underlying the Cronbach alpha calculation may have been violated for this group of questions. A Spearman rho correlation was used to determine the test-retest reliability. There was a strong test-retest reliability between the two tests for the majority of the questions. The average test-retest percent of agreement for the Likert scale responses was 74% (range 43-100%). Accounting for responses within the 1 SD range on the Likert scale increased the agreement to 96% (range 87-100%). Missing data were in the range of 0 to 7%.
The psychometrics of the questionnaire showed good to fair levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The pilot study demonstrated that our questionnaire may be useful in exploring registered nurses' perceptions of the impact of personal electronic devices on hospital units in a larger study.
近年来，医院科室中个人通信设备（如基本手机、功能增强型手机或智能手机以及平板电脑）的使用急剧增加。将这些设备用于个人和专业活动可能有益，但也有可能对患者护理产生负面影响，因为临床医生可能会被这些设备分散注意力。
目前尚无经过验证的问卷来考察这些设备的使用对患者护理的影响；因此，我们旨在开发并验证一份在线问卷，以调查有医院工作经验的注册护士对个人通信设备在医院科室使用的影响的看法。
基于文献综述以及对这类护士的访谈，编制了一份包含50个项目、四个领域的关于注册护理人员对个人通信设备在医院科室使用影响看法的问卷。进行了一项重复测量预试验研究，以检验调查问卷的心理测量学特性以及开展更大规模研究的可行性。问卷的心理测量学测试包括在50名注册护士样本中检验内部一致性信度和重测信度。
重复测量的应答率为30%。使用克朗巴哈系数α来检验内部一致性和信度，在四个问题组中的三个（使用情况、影响和意见）中，观察到相关性非常高。这表明这些问题测量的是一个单一的潜在主题。描述工作时个人通信设备使用情况的绩效组问题的克朗巴哈α值低于其他问题组。这些值可能表明对于这组问题，克朗巴哈α计算所依据的假设可能已被违反。使用斯皮尔曼等级相关来确定重测信度。大多数问题在两次测试之间具有很强的重测信度。李克特量表回答的平均重测一致率为74%（范围43 - 100%）。将李克特量表上1个标准差范围内的回答考虑在内，一致率提高到96%（范围87 - 100%）。缺失数据范围为零至7%。
问卷的心理测量学特性显示出良好至中等水平的内部一致性和重测信度。预试验研究表明，我们的问卷在更大规模的研究中可能有助于探究注册护士对个人电子设备在医院科室使用影响的看法。
